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ArabyByJamesJoycewriter1plot2symbol3theme4ContentsJamesJoyce(1882-1941)•Themostprominentstream-of-consciousnessnovelist.•Hisvirtuoso/artisticexperimentsinwritinghaverecreatedtheformofmodernnovel.•Irishnovelistandpoet•bornin1882inDublin,thesonofapoverty-strickencivilservant.•In1898,studiedinDublin’sUniversityCollegeandgraduatedin1902•RaisedintheRomanCatholicfaith,hebrokewiththechurchwhilehewasincollege•JamesJoyce(1882-1941)JamesJoyce’swork---DublinersJamesJoyc’sfirstmajorworkwasDubliners,acollectionoffifteenshortstoriesdealingsuccessivelywitheventsofchildhood,youthandadulthood.Asthetitleindicated,JoycemadeIrelandthefocusofhisstories.JamesJoyce(1882-1941)AlthoughallsetinDublinandfocuseduponthethemesofdeath,diseaseandparalysisthroughout,Dublinersisacollectionofshortstoriesonlyinterconnectedbysymbolsandmoods.Theyarenotasbleakastheirthemessuggest,atleastnotinallcases,andareoftenhearteningintheirsubtleevocationsofexperiencecommontoall.•Dublinersisaboutpeople’sspiritualgrowth.Allthecharactersinthestoriesstruggle,inonewayoranotherwithoppressivemorality,personalfrustrations,orrestlessdesires.Theyareordinarypeopleinvolvedinvariousminoryetmeaningfuleventsineverydaylife.Often,thesecharactersareonthebrinkofdiscoveringsomething,suchasloss,shame,failure,ordeath.Thesestoriescontainnomelodramaticconflict;instead,theypresentthosequietmomentsinthecharacters’liveswhentheycometoasuddenrealizationofthemeaningoftheirexistence(anepiphany).InDubliners,JamesJoycemadeuseofepiphanytoshowthecomplexemotion.Attheendofthestories,theheroessuddenlyunderstoodtheirpredicament,andthenrealizedtheessenceoflife.Araby''isoneoffifteenshortstoriesthattogethermakeupJamesJoyce'scollection,Dubliners.Itisthelaststoryofthefirstset,andistoldfromtheperspectiveofaboyjustonthevergeofadolescence.ThestorytakesitstitlefromarealfestivalwhichcametoDublinin1894whenJoycewastwelveyearsold.•Protagonist,ateenageboyfellinlovewithhisfriendMangan’ssistersecretly,andonedayinthecasualconversation,thegirlmentionedthatshewishedtogotoAraby,asplendidbazaar.Theboypromisedtogotheretobuysomethingforher.Butwhenhearrivedatthebazaarafterexperiencingmuchdifficulty,hedisappointedlyfoundthatthefairwasnotidealashehadthought.Hisdreamwasdisillusioned.•Q:•What’sthemeaningofthelastsentence?•GazingupintothedarknessIsawmyselfasacreaturedrivenandderidedbyvanity;andmyeyesburnedwithanguishandanger.•我抬头凝视着黑暗，发觉自己是受虚幻驱动和愚弄的可怜虫；我的双眼中燃烧着痛苦和愤怒。Whatdoesthissentencemean?Theboysuddenlyrealizeshisfoolishness,discoveringthediscrepancybetweentherealandtheideal.(epiphany)epiphany:•awordwithconnotationsofreligiousrevelation•asuddenradiantillumination.•Characterssuddenlyrealizethetruthofthelife,orbetterunderstandtheirparticularcircumstancesusuallyfilledwithsadnessandfrustration.•Theboyunderwenttheepiphany,Hesuddenlygainsgreaterawarenessofthetruthaboutlifeandcomestosomeunderstandingofhimself.=hecouldnotrealizehisdreaminthelifeless,stagnantsociety.=thisenddeepensthetheme:insuchsociety,eventheinnocentchildcannotescapethefateofbeingparalyzed.•Thestorypresentsthisfrustrationasuniversal:•thenarratorisnameless,thegirlisalways“Mangan’ssister”•Theycouldbeanyboyorgirlnextdoor.•In“Araby,”Joycesuggeststhatthefrustrationandparalysisareuniversal,sufferedbyalltheDubliners,includingthechildren.WhythenovelnamedAraby?Inthenovel:•Atlastshespoketome.WhensheaddressedthefirstwordstomeIwassoconfusedthatIdidnotknowwhattoanswer.SheaskedmewasIgoingtoAraby.IforgotwhetherIansweredyesorno.Itwouldbeasplendidbazaar;shesaidshewouldlovetogo.`IfIgo,'Isaid,`Iwillbringyousomething.'•Aplacewherethegirltellherothatheshouldgo.Hopeandtemptationthesymbolofthegoalasymbolofthehero’sgrowing-upexperienceTheplacewheretheboy’sdreamtostartandendWhatisthethemeofAraby?•Thespiritualparalysis(精神的瘫痪）•Thefalsereligion（宗教的虚妄）•Throughthisstory,Joycerevealsthedarknessandrottenness(腐败的)oftheIrishsocietyinthelate19thcentury.AndhehopesthattheIrishmancanpluckthemselvesup,shakeofftheshacklesofthechurchandcomebacktoaliveanddynamic（活力的）.Writer’saimHowdothewriterpresentsthethemethroughhiswritingskills？metaphor隐喻andsymbolAsymbolofspiritualparalysisimagereligiousmeaningoftheimage•Thebeginningofthisnovel:“NorthRichmondStreet,beingblind,wasaquietstreetexceptatthehourwhentheChristianBrothers'Schoolsettheboysfree.Anuninhabitedhouseoftwostoriesstoodattheblindend,detachedfromitsneighboursinasquareground.Theotherhousesofthestreet,consciousofdecentliveswithinthem,gazedatoneanotherwithbrownimperturbablefaces.”metaphor:aapathetic(冷漠的）andlifelesssocietyNorthRichmondStreet,beingblindMetaphor:hint暗示boy’sdreamisdifficultandthepossibilityoffailureDeadpriest•Theformertenantofourhouse,apriest,haddiedinthebackdrawing-room.…..AmongtheseIfoundafewpaper-coveredbooks,thepagesofwhichwerecurledanddamp:TheAbbot,byWalterScott,TheDevoutCommunicant,andTheMemoirsofVidocq.Ilikedthelastbestbecauseitsleaveswereyellow.ChurchdeclineNameofthesebooks’metaphoristhatpastpeoplehavereligiousbeliefs,andyellowpagesisametaphorthepastworldhasgone•Thewildgardenbehindthehousecontainedacentralapple-treeandafewstragglingb