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应用化学无机物的命名TheNomenclatureofInorganicCompounds无机物的命名1、ElementarySubstance(单质)2、Cation（阳离子）3、Anion（阴离子）4、Oxide,BaseandSaltofMetal（氧化物,碱和金属盐）5、NonmetalOxide（非金属氧化物）6、InorganicAcid（无机酸）7、AcidSalt（酸式盐）8、BasicSalt（碱式盐）9、Complexsalt(络合物)Rule：theGreekprefixplusthenameofelementmono-：通常不加，除非这种物质通常情况下不以单原子存在。1、ElementarySubstance（单质）dodeca-十二undeca-十一deca-十nona-九PrefixNumberocta-八hepta-七hexa-六penta-五PrefixNumbertetra-四tri-三di-二mono-一PrefixNumberNamesofSomeGreekPrefixesFormulaCommonStockHatomichydrogenmonohydrogenO2oxygendioxygenO3ozonetrioxygenP4white(yellow)phosphorustetraphosphorusNamesofSomeElementarySubstance（单质）规律：希腊前缀+元素名称SymbolCommonStockFe2+FerrousIron(Ⅱ)Fe3+FerricIron(Ⅲ)Cu2+CupricCopper(Ⅱ)Cu+CuprousCopper(Ⅰ)Na+SodiumH+Hydrogen一些阳离子的名称Common：1、以-ic结尾表示较高价态的阳离子ferric2、以-ous结尾表示较低价态的阳离子ferrous3、只有一种价态的阳离子用其元素名称sodium2、Cation（阳离子）ferrumcuprumSymbolCommonStockFe2+FerrousIron(Ⅱ)Fe3+FerricIron(Ⅲ)Cu2+CupricCopper(Ⅱ)Cu+CuprousCopper(Ⅰ)Na+SodiumH+Hydrogen一些阳离子的名称Stock：元素名称后加括号，括号中用罗马数字标明阳离子价态。只有一种价态的阳离子则省略。2、Cation（阳离子）1、单原子阴离子2、双原子阴离子OH-hydroxide(hydroxy)CN-cyanidehypochlorite次氯酸根ClO-chlorite亚氯酸根ClO2-chlorate氯酸根ClO3-perchlorate高氯酸根ClO4-3、含有氧原子的阴离子SO42-sulfate硫酸根SO32-sulfite亚硫酸根oxygen→oxidechlorine→chloride3、Anion（阴离子）卤族SymbolEnglishNamesAnionFFluorinefluorideClChlorinechlorideBrBrominebromideIIodineiodideAtAstatineastatideSymbolNameSymbolNameSymbolNameF-FluorideClO4-PerchlorateHSO4-HydrogensulphateCl-ChlorideClO3-ChlorateSO42-SulphateBr-BromideClO2-ChloriteHSO3-HydrogensulphiteI-IodideClO-HypochloriteSO32-SulphiteO2-OxideNO3-NitrateHCO3-HydrogencarbonateS2-Sulf(ph)ideNO2-NitriteCO32-CarbonateH-HydridePO43-PhosphateCrO4-ChromateOH-HydroxidePO33-PhosphiteCr2O7-DichromateCN-CyanideAsO43-ArsenateMnO4-PermanganateAsO33-ArseniteOAc-AcetateC2O42-Oxalate草酸盐阴离子的命名(1)metaloxide金属氧化物NamesofSomeMetalOxides（金属氧化物）FormulaCommonStockNa2OSodiumoxideNa2O2SodiumperoxideCuOCupricoxideCopper(Ⅱ)oxideCu2OCuprousoxideCopper(Ⅰ)oxideFe2O3FerricoxideIron(Ⅲ)oxideFeOFerrousoxideIron(Ⅱ)oxide规律：阳离子+氧化物4、Oxide,BaseandSaltofMetal(2)Salt盐FormulaCommonStockNaClSodiumchlorideNa2SSodiumsulfideFeCl3FerricchlorideIron(Ⅲ)chlorideFeCl2FerrouschlorideIron(Ⅱ)chlorideA、不含氧的盐（某化某）NamesofSomeOxygenfreeSalts规律：阳离子+阴离子FormulaCommonStockNaClO4SodiumperchlorateNaClO3SodiumchlorateNaClO2SodiumchloriteNaClOSodiumhypochloriteK2Cr2O7PotassiumdichromateFe2(SO4)3FerricsulfateIron(Ⅲ)sulfateCu3(AsO4)2CupricarsenateCopper(Ⅱ)arsenateCr(OAc)3ChromicacetateChromium(Ⅲ)acetateB、含氧酸盐（某酸某）NamesofSomeOxy-Salts规律：阳离子+阴离子(3)Base（碱）FormulaStockCommonCa(OH)2CalciumhydroxideNaOHSodiumhydroxideSn(OH)2tin(Ⅱ)hydroxidestannoushydroxideSn(OH)4tin(Ⅳ)hydroxidestannichydroxideFe(OH)2iron(Ⅱ)hydroxideferroushydroxideFe(OH)3iron(Ⅲ)hydroxideferrichydroxideNamesofSomeBases规律：阳离子+氢氧根Common：用希腊数字前缀表示氧原子和非金属原子的个数。Stock：用罗马数字表明除氧（-2）外的非金属的氧化态。FormulaCommonStockCOcarbonmonoxidecarbon(Ⅱ)oxideCO2carbondioxidecarbon(Ⅳ)oxideN2O3dinitrogentrioxidenitrogen(Ⅲ)oxideP2O5diphosphoruspentoxidephosphorus(Ⅴ)oxideSO3sulphurtrioxidesulphur(Ⅵ)oxideCl2O7dichlorineheptoxidechlorine(Ⅶ)oxideNamesofSomeNonmetalOxides5、NonmetalOxide（非金属氧化物）AcidIon（酸基离子）Acidper--ateper--icacid-ate-icacid-ite-ousacidhypo--itehypo--ousacid-idehydro--icacid有氧酸无氧酸6、InorganicAcid（无机酸）hypochlorite次氯酸根ClO-chlorite亚氯酸根ClO2-chlorate氯酸根ClO3-perchlorate高氯酸根ClO4-AcidIonAcidBr-bromideHBrhydrobromicacid氢溴酸CN-cyanideHCNhydrocyanicacid氢氰酸CO32-carbonateH2CO3carbonicacidClO4-perchlorateHClO4perchloricacidClO-hypochloriteHClOhypochlorousacidSO32-sulfiteH2SO3sulfurousacidSO42-sulfateH2SO4sulfuricacidPO33-phosphiteH3PO3phosphorousacidPO43-phosphateH3PO4phosphoricacid一些酸的名称FormulaStockCommonNa2HPO4disodiumhydrogenphosphateNaH2PO4sodiumdihydrogenphosphateKHSpotassiumhydrogensulfideNaHCO3sodiumhydrogencarbonatesodiumbicarbonateCa(HSO3)2calciumhydrogensulfitecalciumbisulfite一些酸式盐的名称7、AcidicSalt（酸式盐）Bi(OH)2NO3(bismuthdihydroxynitrate)Al2(OH)4CO3（aluminiumcarbonatebasic）1、saltplusbasic（盐+碱）。2、（阳离子+希腊前缀+hydroxy+希腊前缀+阴离子）8、BasicSalt（碱式盐）9、Complexsalt（络合物）NaKSO4(sodiumpotassiumsulfate)KMgCl3(magnesiumpotassiumchloride)NaNH4HPO4(ammoniumsodiumhydrogenphosphate)1、ElementarySubstance(单质)2、Cation（阳离子）3、Anion（阴离子）4、Oxide,BaseandSaltofMetal（氧化物，碱和金属盐）6、InorganicAcid（无机酸）5、NonmetalOxide（非金属氧化物）7、AcidSalt（酸式盐）8、BasicSalt（碱式盐）9、Complexsalt(络合物)要求1、掌握单质命名规律和一些常见单质名称；2、熟练掌握阳离子命名规律，熟记一些常见阳离子名称；3、熟练掌握阴离子命名规律，熟记一些常见阴离子名称；4、掌握金属的氧化物、碱和盐的命名规律；5、掌握非金属氧化物的命名规律；6、掌握无机酸的命名规律；7、掌握酸式盐和碱式盐的命名规律。