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I自由曲面光学镜面的设计摘要光学自由曲面具有非对称面形、灵活的空间布局、丰富的设计自由度等特性。自由曲面是应用最广泛的曲面形状之一，如能改善人类视觉质量的渐进多焦点眼用镜片，就是自由曲面技术在眼用光学镜片中的成功应用。本文通过设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片，并以之为例研究自由曲面光学镜片的性质及特点。渐进镜片(英文progressiveadditionlenses简称PAL）是针对老视症状的一种有效的解决手段，与各类传统老视镜片相比较具有许多优点，本文对这种镜片的设计和评价进行研究。首先，介绍渐变镜片的渐变结构特征和矫正原理，比较分析软设计和硬设计之间的区别。其次，介绍渐进多焦点眼用镜片的基本结构。应用基于狄利克雷原则的软设计方法，阐述渐进多焦点眼用镜片子午线设计的基本原理，构建子午线多项式，给出子午线设计需满足的条件。在子午线设计的基础上，设计渐进多焦点眼用镜片等屈光度轮廓线，在此基础上设计镜片矢高，确定镜片面形。然后，根据曲面的微分几何理论，给出渐变镜片的性能评价方法，即计算镜片的球面度及柱面度。关键词渐进镜片；老视；软设计；子午线IIDesignoffree-formsurfaceopticallensesAbstractFree-formlenshasasymmetricsurfaceshape,flexiblespacelayout,extensivedesignfreedomandothercharacteristics.Freesurfaceisoneofthecurvedshapeswhicharemostwidelyapplied.Forinstance,theprogressiveadditionlenses（PAL)whichcanimprovethequalityofhumanvisionareasuccessfulexamplethatthefree-formtechnologyisappliedtoopticallenses.Inthispaper,thedesignoftheprogressiveadditionlensesisintroduced,andthenatureandcharacteristicsoftheopticallenseswillberesearchedthroughit.Theprogressiveadditionlensesisanewkindofeffectivesolutiontopresbyopia,ithasmanyadvantagesoverotherlensesdealingwithpresbyopia.Investigationofitsdesignandevaluationmethodisshowninthispaper.Variouskindsofpresbyopialensisreviewedandcompared.ThebasicfeatureandprincipleofthePALareintroducedandthedifferencebetweenthecharacteristicsofharddesignandsoftdesignisdescribedaswell.Thestructureofprogressiveadditionlensesisintroduced,andthesoftmethodbasedonDirichletprincipleisgivenindetail.Theprincipleofdesigningmeridionalpowerlawsforprogressiveadditionlensesisexpoundedbasedonpolynomial,andthecriterionofdesigningmeridionalpowerlawsisgivenout.Onthebasisofdesigningmeridionalpowerlaws,thevectorheightandtheisopowercontoursaredesignedinordertodeterminethesurfacesofprogressiveadditionlenses.Accordingtothedifferentialgeometrytheoryofcurvingsurfaces,PAL’sperformancesareevaluated,andthemeansurfacepowerandtheconstantsurfaceastigmatismarecalculated.Keywordsprogressiveadditionlenses,presbyopia,softdesign,meridianlineIII目录第1章绪论.....................................................................................................................................11.1引言...................................................................................................................................11.2渐进多焦点眼用镜片发展情况.......................................................................................11.3课题研究的意义...............................................................................................................31.4论文主要研究内容...........................................................................................................4第2章渐进多焦点眼用镜片基本原理和概念.............................................................................52.1渐进多焦点眼用镜片原理...............................................................................................52.2镜片特征性设计...............................................................................................................62.2.1渐进多焦点眼镜片的设计分类...........................................................................62.2.2当前渐进多焦点眼用镜片的一些主要设计方法...............................................7第3章渐进多焦点眼用镜片的设计.........................................................................................103.1子午线设计.....................................................................................................................103.1.1设计思路...........................................................................................................103.1.2设计流程...........................................................................................................103.2表面面形构造.................................................................................................................133.2.1设计思路...........................................................................................................133.2.2设计流程...........................................................................................................133.3本章小结.........................................................................................................................17第4章渐进多焦点眼用镜片的评价方法...................................................................................184.1评价方法.........................................................................................................................184.2设计举例.........................................................................................................................194.3本章小结.........................................................................................................................22结论............................................................................................................................................23参考文献.........................................................................................................................................24致谢...............................................................................................................错误!未定义书签。附录A译文..................................