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Unit2MaterialConsumption•Afterstudyingthisunit,youareableto:•1.describedifferenttypesofprintingandpackagingmaterials•2.understandingconversationsconcerningmaterialconsumption•3.makeconversationsaboutmaterialconsumption•4.writeaninter-officememo•Task1•Tellyourpartnerabouttheirgeneralcharacteristicsandapplications•Task2•Thesymbolsforpackagehandlinginstructionsareinternationallystandardized.Lookatthefollowingsymbolsanddecidewhateachsymbolstandsfor.•Questions:•1.Howmanytypesofprintingandpackagingmaterialsdoyouknow?Whatarethey?•2.Whichtypeofmaterialsdoyouprefertouseforpackagingandwhy?Listatleasttworeasons.•PaperandPaperboard•Paperandpaperboardbecameimportantprintingandpackagingmaterialsaroundthe1900s.Theyhavethefollowingadvantages:•Producedinmanygradesandforms•Recyclableandbiodegradable•Easilycombinedwithothermaterialstomakecoatedorlaminatedpacks•Producedwithdifferentdegreesofopacity包装印刷材料•纸和纸板•纸和纸板在1900年前后成为了重要的印刷承印物，它具备以下优势：•有许多不同档次和种类•具有可回收性和生物可降解性•容易与其它材料相结合生产出各种涂层或层压包装产品•具有程度各异的不透明性•Paperqualitiesmainlydifferintheirsurfacetreatment,suchascoatedoruncoated,texturedorglossy.Theyareselectedaccordingtothepurposetheyneedtofulfill.Forexample,uncoatedpaperhaslowreflectioncomparedwithhigh-glosscoatedpaper.Theformerisidealfornormalbookprinting,whilethelatterthechoiceforhigh-qualitybrochures.•纸张的各种特质主要取决于纸张的表面处理，如涂层或非涂层、纹理或上光。人们因不同的用途选择不同的纸张。比如，非涂布纸与高光泽的涂层纸相比反光率低。普通书籍采用非涂层纸就很理想，而高质量的宣传册显然就应采用高光泽的涂层纸。•Papercanalsobesubdividedintofineandcoarsepapers.Finepapersareusedforprintingbooksandmagazines,andcoarsepapersforpackaging.Paperboardistypicalofcoarsepapers.Itisakindofmulti-layermaterial,theinnerlayerofwhichisusuallymadefromrecycledfibers.Corrugatedboardisawidelyusedtypeofpaperboardstomakecontainersbecauseitislight,strongandeasilychangedforallproducts.•纸张还可以细分成精制纸和粗制纸。精制纸用于书刊杂志的印刷，粗制纸则用于包装。纸板就是典型的粗制纸。它是一种多层材料，内层往往由回收的纤维制品再造而成。用于制作集装箱的瓦楞纸板因其轻便、结实、易于量身定做等特点成为当今使用最为广泛的纸板之一。•Plasticmaterial•Theuseofplasticsinpackaginghasacceleratedrapidlysincethe1970s,inlargepartbecauseoftheiruniquefeatures:flexible,light,weighted,cost-effective,durable,unbreakable,hygienicandsafe.Plastichasmanyvariation,suchasPVCinfoodpackaging,orPET,aglossyfilmusedformicrowavetraysandsemirigidcontainers.Inprinting,theselectedplasticsubstrateusuallydeterminestheprintingprocesstobeusedortheprintingprocesscouldhelpdeterminethesubstrate.•塑料材料•20世纪70年代，在包装行业塑料的使用得到了加速发展，这在很大程度上是因为其独特的功能：灵活、轻便、造价低、持久耐用、不易破碎、卫生及安全可靠。塑料产品有许多种类，如用于食品包装的PVC或用于制作微波炉专用盘子及半刚性容器的高光泽薄膜PET。印刷过程中，所选择的塑料承印物常常决定印刷工序，或印刷工序反过来决定塑料承印物的选用。•Metalmaterials•Aluminumfoilwasadoptedforpackagingshortlyafteritsinitialproductionin1913.•Asoneofthemajorflexiblepackagingmaterials,itfindsusesasawrapperforavarietyofproducts.Aluminumfoilisgenerallylaminatedtopaperorplasticfilmstoincreaseruggedness.Whenlaminatedtoapolyesterfilm,itbecomesmetallizedpolyester,whichhasoutstandingbarrierpropertiesandgoodprintability.•金属材料•铝箔生产始于1913年，之后不久就用于包装。作为一种主要的软包装材料，它被用于各种产品的包装。通常人们将铝箔层压在纸张或塑料薄膜上以增强其坚固性。当人们将铝箔层压在聚酯薄膜上时，它就变成金属聚酯，具有出色的阻隔功能和良好的印刷适性。•Glass•Glassisarigidpackagingmaterialthatdosenotalteritscharacteristicswiththepassageoftime,nordoseitneedadditionaltreatmenttomakeitimpervious.•Althoughglassisheavierandmorebreakablethanplasticandaluminumcontainers,itwillremainanimportantpackagingmaterialforcertainproductsbecauseitisdurableandtransparent.•玻璃材料•玻璃是一种刚性包装材料，它不会随着时间的推移改变其特质，也不需要特殊处理来保持其非渗透性。•虽然玻璃较重、易碎，不能和塑料及铝箔包装相比，但因其具有持久性和透明性，它仍将是一些产品的主要包装材料。•Paper•Glass•Metals•Plastic