卓别林英文介绍

01234CharlesSpencerChaplinOverviewofHisLife01234012345012344012343012340123401234PICTURESTART0123401234Born16April1889(1889-04-16)Walworth,London,EnglandDied25December1977(aged88)Vevey,SwitzerlandOccupationActor,filmdirector,filmproducer,screenwriter,composer,mimeYearsactive1895–1976[1]Spouse(s))MildredHarris(m.1918–1921)LitaGrey(m.1924–1927)PauletteGoddard(m.1936–1942)OonaO'Neill(m.1943–1977CharlesSpencerChaplin01234•Chaplinwasoneofthemostcreativeandinfluentialpersonalitiesofthesilent-filmera.Hewasinfluencedbyhispredecessor,theFrenchsilentmoviecomedianMaxLinder,towhomhededicatedoneofhisfilms.[5]Hisworkinglifeinentertainmentspannedover75years,fromtheVictorianstageandtheMusicHallintheUnitedKingdomasachildperformer,untilclosetohisdeathattheageof88.Hishigh-profilepublicandprivatelifeencompassedbothadulationandcontroversy.Chaplin'sidentificationwiththeleftultimatelyforcedhimtoresettleinEuropeduringtheMcCarthyeraintheearly1950s.•In1999,theAmericanFilmInstituterankedChaplinthe10thgreatestmalescreenlegendofalltime.[6]In2008,MartinSieff,inareviewofthebookChaplin:ALife,wrote:Chaplinwasnotjust'big',hewasgigantic.In1915,heburstontoawar-tornworldbringingitthegiftofcomedy,laughterandreliefwhileitwastearingitselfapartthroughWorldWarI.Overthenext25years,throughtheGreatDepressionandtheriseofAdolfHitler,hestayedonthejob....Itisdoubtfulanyindividualhasevergivenmoreentertainment,pleasureandrelieftosomanyhumanbeingswhentheyneededitthemost.[7]GeorgeBernardShawcalledChaplintheonlygeniustocomeoutofthemovieindustry.01234Childhood•CharlesSpencerChaplinwasborninLondon,England,onApril16th1889.Hisfatherwasaversatilevocalistandactor;andhismother,knownunderthestagenameofLilyHarley,wasanattractiveactressandsinger,whogainedareputationforherworkinthelightoperafield.CharliewasthrownonhisownresourcesbeforehereachedtheageoftenastheearlydeathofhisfatherandthesubsequentillnessofhismothermadeitnecessaryforCharlieandhisbrother,Sydney,tofendforthemselves.•Havinginheritednaturaltalentsfromtheirparents,theyoungsterstooktothestageasthebestopportunityforacareer.Charliemadehisprofessionaldebutasamemberofajuvenilegroupcalled“TheEightLancashireLads”andrapidlywonpopularfavourasanoutstandingtapdancer.01234TheMasterpieceFeaturesCityLights(1931)ModernTimes(1936)TheGreatDictator(1940)12301234CityLights(1931)•“CityLights”provedtobethehardestandlongestundertakingofChaplin’scareer.Bythetimeitwascompletedhehadspenttwoyearsandeightmonthsonthework,withalmost190daysofactualshooting.Themarvelisthatthefinishedfilmbetraysnothingofthiseffortandanxiety.EvenbeforehebeganCityLightsthesoundfilmwasfirmlyestablished.ThisnewrevolutionwasabiggerchallengetoChaplinthantoothersilentstars.HisTrampcharacterwasuniversal.Hismimewasunderstoodineverypartoftheworld.ButiftheTrampnowbegantospeakinEnglish,thatworld-wideaudiencewouldinstantlyshrink.Chaplinboldlysolvedtheproblembyignoringspeech,andmakingCityLightsinthewayhehadalwaysworkedbefore,asasilentfilm.[However]heastoundedthepressandthepublicbycomposingtheentirescorefor“CityLights”.Thepremiereswereamongthemostbrilliantthecinemahadeverseen.InLosAngeles,Chaplin’sguestwasAlbertEinstein;whileinLondonBernardShawsatbesidehim.“CityLights”wasacriticaltriumph.AllChaplin’sstrugglesandanxieties,itseemed,werecompensatedbythefilmwhichstillappearsasthezenithofhisachievementandreputation.0123401234ModernTimes(1936)•Chaplinwasacutelypreoccupiedwiththesocialandeconomicproblemsofthisnewage.In1931and1932hehadleftHollywoodbehind,toembarkonan18-monthworldtour.InEurope,hehadbeendisturbedtoseetheriseofnationalismandthesocialeffectsoftheDepression,ofunemploymentandofautomation.Hereadbooksoneconomictheory;anddevisedhisownEconomicSolution,anintelligentexerciseinutopianidealism,basedonamoreequitabledistributionnotjustofwealthbutofwork.In1931hetoldanewspaperinterviewer,“Unemploymentisthevitalquestion...Machineryshouldbenefitmankind.Itshouldnotspelltragedyandthrowitoutofwork”.0123401234•Whenwriting“TheGreatDictator”in1939,ChaplinwasasfamousworldwideasHitler,andhisTrampcharacterworethesamemoustache.Hedecidedtopithiscelebrityandhumouragainstthedictator’sowncelebrityandevil.Hebenefited–ifthatistherightwordforit,giventhetimes–fromhis“reputation”asaJew,whichhewasnot–(hesaid“Idonothavethatpleasure”).InthefilmChaplinplaysadualrole–aJewishbarberwholosthismemoryinaplaneaccidentinthefirstwar,andspentyearsinhospitalbeforebeingdischargedintoanantisemitecountrythathedoesnotunderstand,andHynkel,thedictatorleaderofPtomania,whosearmiesaretheforcesoftheDoubleCross,andwhowilldoanythingalongthoselinestoincreasehispossibilitiesforbecomingemperoroftheworld.Chaplin’saimisobvious,andthefilmendswithanowfamousandhumanitarianspeechmadebythebarber,speakingChaplin’sownwords.0123401234TheEnd