44定语从句复习

theAttributiveClause定语从句RevisionforThegirlwhoisstandingthereisMary.先行词定语从句关系词关系代词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,thatwhere,when,why概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定义和相关术语:定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句Helaughsbestwholaughslast.HeistheonlyoneoftheteacherswhocomesfromQingdao.3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asyouallknow,theearthisround.关系代词指代在从句中的作用thatwhichwhowhomwhose(=the+n.+of+which/whom)人／物主／宾主／宾主／宾宾定人人人／物物关系代词用法口诀:前看先行词,辩清人或物后看从句里,有无主宾定关系副词的用法关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/duringwhich)where(=in/atwhich)why(=forwhich)时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。1.关系代词who，that，which在从句中作_______时，不可省。2.who，whom，that，which在从句中作_______时，可以省略。主语宾语4.先行词指物时，先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，常用________,不用______.3.先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句关系词用______不用which和______.thatwhothatwhich5.定语从句中的谓语动词和_______保持一致。6.当关系词前有介词时，先行词指人时用_______，先行词指物时用_______。先行词whomwhich7.当先行词前有theonly,thesame,thevery,thelast等时,用()不用()8.关系副词why表原因，常用在先行词reason后面，=_______.forwhichthatwhich9.当先行词是表示时间的名词,如time，day，year，month，week等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词_____引导。引导定语从句的when也可以转换成“____________”的形式。介词＋whichwhen10.当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词________引导。但表地点的先行词在从句中做主语或宾语时，定语从句需要用关系代词＿＿＿或that引导。wherewhich1.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity___Iknow.2.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.3.Iwillalwaysrememberthosedays______Ispentwithhimsailingonthesea.4.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.5.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.Exercise:1.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者.笑到最后的人才是英雄.2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.TranslatethefollowingEnglishproverbsintoChineseandthenpickouttheattributiveclauses.3.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉.知足者常乐.4.Hewhoiscontent(满足)isalwayshappy.1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC对比训练Thisisthereason__________hegaveme.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.that/whichwhyThisisthefactory________myfatherworked.Thisisthefactory________myfathervisited.that/whichwhereOctober1isaday________wewillneverforget.October1isaday______ournewChinawasfounded.that/whichwhenPracticemakesperfect!总结：关系代词一般充当的是主语、宾语和定语，关系副词充当的是状语。一般两者之间可以互相转化：关系副词（when,why,where）=介词+whichThisisthehousewhereChairmanMaooncelived.Iwon’tforgetthedaywhenIwasborn.选择定语从句的引导词时，不能只看先行词，重要的是看引导词在从句中充当什么成分。inwhichonwhichPracticemakesperfect!定语从句高考易混易错点I并列句与定从1.Itriedtwodifferentmethods,butneitherof___seemedtoworkverywell.(2011河北)A)whichB)themC)whomD)whose2.MrGreenboughtaboxofapples,______werebad.A)halfofthemB)buthalfofwhichC)halfofwhatD)buthalfofthem3.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof___Ihadevermetbefore.(09全国卷)A)themB)whoC)whomD)these4.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusiness.(2006全国卷)A)ofthemB)ofwhichC)whoofD)ofwhom5.Therearetwobuildings,______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.(04湖北)A)thelargerB)thelargerofthemC)thelargeronethatD)thelargerofwhich二。定从中的主谓一致问题1.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat___gotfullmark.Heisoneofthestudentsthat___gotfullmark.A)isB)areC)hasD)have2.Babaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho___eveningdress.(2010全国卷II)A)wearB)wearsC)haswornD)haveworn(1)theonlyoneofthe+名词复数，后面关系引导定语从句谓语用单数。因为定语从句主语为“theonlyone”因此谓语用单数.Maryistheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘。(2)oneofthe+名词复数，后面关系引导定语从句谓语用复数,因为定语从句主语为“名词复数”因此谓语用复数.Thisisoneoftheroomsthatweredamagedinthefire.这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。as与which引导的定语从句※对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。如：Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如…”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.as与which引导的定语从句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.as与which引导的定语从句1.我昨天买的书很有趣。2我看到了很多叶子是黑色的树。3正在那里弹钢琴的女孩子是我们的班长。4我们村有一棵古树，孩子们很喜欢在树下玩耍。TranslatethesentencesintoEnglish（翻译）ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinterestingIsawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackThegirlwho/thatisplayingthepianooverthereisourmonitor.Thereisanoldtreeinourcountrywherechildrenliketoplaygames./Thereisanoldtreeinourcountryunderwhichchildrenliketoplaygames.