10 Longfellow

(1807-1882)HenryWadsworthLongfellowAmerica’sBelovedPoetthemostpopularAmericanpoetofthe19thcenturythefirstAmericantotranslateDanteAlighieri’sTheDivineComedyoneofthefivemembersofthegroupknownastheFiresidePoetsContentsI.Life,EducationandCareerII.InfluenceIII.ThemeandStyleIV.CreativeCharacteristicsV.MajorworksHometown:Portland,MaineBirthday:February27,1807Education:PortlandAcademyBowdoinCollege(NathanielHawthorne)HarvardUniversityI.Life,EducationandCareertheboyhoodhomeThecollegeRoominBowdoinTravellingwidelyinEurope1826-29Professorofforeignlanguages:Bowdoinfrom1829to1835ProfessorofFrenchandSpanish:Harvardin1836-1854Successor:JamesRussellLowellMarriages:twiceFirstwife:MaryPotter,dyinginHollandin1835Secondwife:FannyAppleton,dyinginaburningaccidentathomein1861FannyAppletonWhileatHarvard,theLongfellowslivedatCraigieHouse,agiftofhisfather-in-law.ThreedaughtersandtwosonsLongfellow'sStudyLongfellowpublishedmorethan20books.Firstbookofpoems,VoicesoftheNight,publishedin1839.Last,IntheHarbor,in1882.In1842visitedDickensinLondon1868-69:tourofEuropeincludedhonorarydegreesatOxfordandCambridge,bywhichtimehehadbecomeasuniversallypopularapoetasTennyson.AbustwasplacedinPoets’CornerinWestminsterAbbeyafterhisdeath,theonlyAmericantobeaffordedthishonour.TheDeathofLongfellowOnAugust22,1879,afemaleadmirertraveledtohishouseinCambridgeand,unawaretowhomshewasspeaking,askedLongfellow:“IsthisthehousewhereLongfellowwasborn?”Longfellowtoldheritwasnot.Thevisitorthenaskedifhehaddiedhere.“Notyet”,hereplied.TheHenryWadsworthLongfellowmonumentInMarch1882,Longfellowwenttobedwithseverestomachpain.enduredthepainforseveraldayswiththehelpofopium.diedsurroundedbyfamilyonFriday,March24,1882.buriedwithbothofhiswivesatMountAuburnCemeteryinCambridge,Mass.MountAuburncemeteryHenryWadsworthLongfellowstampunveiledin2007Longfellow-GraveLongfellowpredominantlywrotelyricpoemswhichareknownfortheirmusicalityandwhichoftenpresentedstoriesofmythologyandlegend.II.InfluencethemostpopularandinfluentialAmericanpoetofthe19thcenturyhadthewidestrangeandgreatesttechnicalskillofallthepoetsof“thefloweringofNewEngland.”influencedthepoetictasteofgenerationsofreadersthroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.Hehasbeencriticized,however,forimitatingEuropeanstylesandwritingspecificallyforthemasses.equallysuccessfulinlyricandnarrativepoetryduringhislateryearsbecameamasterofthesonnetIII.ThemeandStyleThemes:familiarLanguage:clear,simple,melodious----------------------------------------------------------------------Didacticism[dildæktisizm]n.教训主义,教训癖Forhiscontemporaries,hewasa“newpoet”whowassometimesreproachedforlackingthedidacticismthatmodernreadersnowcomplainofinhisworkHevaluedspontaneityandsimplicityandbelievedthatthepurposeoftheimaginationwasnot“todevisewhathasnoexistence,butrathertoperceivewhatreallyexists,notcreationbutinsight.”IV.CreativeCharacteristicsLongfellowwasoneofthemost_______writersofhisage.Hispopularpoemsstronglyreflectedthe____________sentimentandtheloveofthe_____________spiritofthepeople.seriousoptimistichumanitarianHisnarrativeexperimentsonhisgreatballadsandhisthoughtfullyricsareremarkablefor__________proprietyand___________skill.Hisworkwas_________,mildly________,___________,andflavoredwith___________preachment.imaginativeconstructivemusicalromantichigh-mindedsentimentaltworeasonsforthepopularityandsignificanceofLongfellow'spoetryFirst,hehadthegiftofeasyrhyme.Hewrotepoetryasabirdsings,withnaturalgraceandmelody.Readorheardonceortwice,hisrhymeandmetersclingtothemindlongafterthesensemaybeforgotten.Second,Longfellowwroteonobviousthemeswhichappealtoallkindsofpeople.HispoemsareeasilyunderstoodAboveall,thereisajoyousnessinthem,aspiritofoptimismandfaithinthegoodnessoflifewhichevokesimmediateresponseintheemotionsofhisreaders.V.MajorworksTheSeasideandtheFireside(1850)TheGoldenLegend(1851)TheSongofHiawatha(1855)TheDivineTragedy(1871)VoicesoftheNight«夜吟»,hisfirstcollectionofpoemsBalladsandOtherPoems«歌谣及其它»Evangeline«伊凡吉林»TheSongofHiawathaLongfellow’smostpopularandmostrecognizedpoemperhapstheonlyAmericanepicaworkofAmericanRomanticliteratureLongfellowhimselfdescribeditas“thisIndianEdda”LongfellowwaspraisedforrescuingandresurrectingthehighlypoeticIndianstories.Inhisattempttotransformthese“wildandsuperstitiouslegendsofsavagelife”intoromanticpoetry,Longfellowhadsucceeded,indeed.notarepresentationofNativeAmericanoraltraditionin:sentimentscopeoverallconceptiontheplotsofmostoftheepisodesThepoemwaswrittenpurposelyusingthesamemeterastheFinnishfolk-epic,TheKalevala.November26,1855,onlytwoweeksafterthepublicationofHiawatha,abombhit.ItcameintheformofanewspaperarticlewrittenbyThomasConradPorterintheWashingtonNationalIntelligencer.Porterprefacedhisessay:“MyobjectinwritingthispresentbriefnoticeistocalltheattentionoftheliterarypublictotheastoundingfactthatProfessorLongfellow,inhispoem‘Hiawatha’hastransferredtheentireform,spirit,andmanyofthemoststrikingincidentsoftheFinnishepic[Kalevala]totheNorthAmericanIndians.Theresembla