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10届英语师范B班陈瑞恒WildeindifferenttimesBriefintroductionofWilde’slifeAlistofhisworksThetrialofwildeHiswisdomquotesWildeandhisloveHisDramaticLife•OscarWildewasthesecondsonbornintoanAnglo-Irishfamily,at21WestlandRow,Dublin,toSirWilliamWildeandhiswifeJaneFrancescaWilde.•SirWilliamwasIreland'sleadingsurgeonandwasknightedin1864forhisservicestomedicine.Hewasarenownedphilanthropist,andhisdispensaryforthecareofthecity'spoor,inLincolnPlaceattherearofTrinityCollege,Dublin,wastheforerunneroftheDublinEyeandEarHospital,nowlocatedatAdelaideRoad.IntroductionInJune1855•InJune1855,thefamilymovedtoMerrionSquareinafashionableresidentialarea,whereWilde'ssister,Isola,wasbornin1856.HeattendedPortoraRoyalSchoolinEnniskillen,Fermanaghfromtheagesofninetosixteen.•AfterleavingPortora,WildestudiedclassicsatTrinityCollege,Dublin,from1871to1874,Hewasanoutstandingstudent,andwontheBerkeleyGoldMedal,thehighestawardavailabletoclassicsstudentsatTrinity.HewasawardedascholarshiptoMagdalenCollege,Oxford,wherehecontinuedhisstudiesfrom1874to1878andwherehebecameapartoftheAestheticmovement,oneofitstenetsbeingtomakeanartoflife.•WhileatMagdalen,hewonthe1878NewdigatePrizeforhispoemRavenna,whichhereadoutatEncaenia;hefailed,towintheChancellor'sEnglishEssayPrizeforanessaythatwouldbepublishedposthumouslyasTheRiseofHistoricalCriticism(1909).InNovember1878,hegraduatedwithadoublefirstinclassicalmoderationsandLiteraeHumaniores,or'Greats'.•InLondon,hemetConstanceLloyd,daughterofwealthyQueen'sCounselHoraceLloyd.ShewasvisitingDublinin1884,whenOscarwasinthecitytogivelecturesattheGaietyTheatre.Heproposedtoher,andtheymarriedonMay29,1884inPaddington,London.Constance'sallowanceof£250allowedtheWildestoliveinrelativeluxury.Thecouplehadtwosons,Cyril(1885)andVyvyan(1886).•Abeautifulwoman,butleadatragiclifewithtwochildrenalone.•AfterOscar'sdownfall,ConstancetookthesurnameHollandforherselfandtheboys.Shediedin1898followingspinalsurgeryandwasburiedinStaglienoCemeteryinGenoa,Italy.CyrilwaskilledinFranceinWorldWarI.Vyvyanalsoservedinthewarandlaterbecameanauthorandtranslator.Hepublishedhismemoirsin1954.Vyvyan'sson,MerlinHolland,haseditedandpublishedseveralworksabouthisgrandfather.OscarWilde'sniece,DollyWilde,hadalengthylesbianrelationshipwithwriterNatalieCliffordBarney.AllhisworksNovel:（ThePictureofDorianGray，1891年）Fairytales:《快乐王子和其他故事》（TheHappyPrinceandOtherTales，1888年）Including:《快乐王子(Thehappyprince)》《夜莺与蔷薇(Thenightingaleandtherose)》《自私的巨人(TheselfishGiant)》《忠实的朋友(thedevotedfriend)》《了不起的火箭(theremarkablerocket)》《石榴屋》（AHouseofPomegranates，1891年）Poems:《诗集》（Poems，1881年）《斯芬克斯》（Sphinx，1894年）《瑞丁监狱之歌》（TheBalladofReadingGaol，1898年）Drama:《温德密尔夫人的扇子》（LadyWindermere`sFan，1892年。《帕都瓦公爵夫人》（TheDuchessofPadua，1893年）《莎乐美》（Salomé，1893年）（原著用法语写成）《真诚最要紧》（TheImportanceofBeingEarnest，1895年）《理想的丈夫》（AnIdealHusband，1895年。）HisMasterpiece——SaloméThe1891censusrecordstheWildes'residenceat16TiteStreetwherehelivedwithhiswifeConstanceandsons.Wildethough,notcontentwithbeingmorewell-knownthaneverinLondon,returnedtoParisinOctober1891,thistimeasarespectedwriter.AlthoughHedidn’tsucceedinhisformertwodramas,hestillcontinuedhisinterestinthetheatreandafterfindinghisvoiceinprose,histhoughtsturnedagaintothedramaticformasthebiblicaliconographyofSalomefilledhishead.Oneevening,afterdiscussingdepictionsofSalomethroughouthistory,hereturnedtohishoteltonoticeablankcopybooklyingonthedesk,anditoccurredtohimtowritedownwhathehadbeensaying.Hewroteanewplay,Salomé,rapidlyandinFrench.TheIntroductionofSalomeAtragedy,ittellsthestoryofSalome,thestepdaughterofthetetrarchHerodAntipas,who,toherstepfather'sdismaybutmother'sdelight,requeststheheadofJokanaanonasilverplatterasarewardfordancingtheDanceoftheSevenVeils.ButtheplaywasrefusedalicencebytheLordChamberlain,sinceitdepictedbiblicalcharacters.SalomewaspublishedjointlyinParisandLondonin1893,butwasnotperformeduntil1896inParis,duringWilde'slaterincarceration.WildewaschargedwithbuggerybythefatherofLordAlfredDouglasandhewassentencedtotwo-yearhardlabour.Oscarwasconsideredasiconbyhomosexualismnowadays.Hesaidtheirlovecamenaturallybetweenamanofyouthandaelderlymanofwisdom.TheTrialofWilde•LordAlfredDouglas(Bosie)•Themanwildelovemostdevotedly•ThebookwaswrittenbyWildeduringhisimprisonmentforBosie•Whenalovecomestoanend,weaklingscry,efficientonesinstantlyfindanotherloveandwisealreadyhadoneinreserve.当爱到了终点,软弱者哭泣,精明者马上去发现另外一个,聪明的早就预备了一个.•Nogreatartisteverseesthingsastheyreallyare.Ifhedidhewouldceasetobeanartist.没有伟大的艺术家是看事物真实的样子,如果他这样那他就不再是艺术家•Irepresenttoyouallthesinsyouhaveneverhadthecouragetocommit我提供给你们的是你们没勇气去犯的罪•Onecanalwaysbekindtopeopleonecaresnothingabout总是善待别人的人对什么都不在意Alwaysforgiveyourenemies;nothingannoysthemsomuch.要永远原谅你的敌人，没什么事情比这个更让他们恼火了。Fashionisaformofuglinesssointolerablethatwehavetoalteriteverysixmonths.时尚就是一种让人难以忍受的丑陋，以至于我们不得不每六个月就更改一次。Iamnotyoungenoughtoknoweverything.只有年轻人才会无所不知。