佛教与人际和谐

佛教与人际和谐悉迦罗经解读(si^ngaalasutta.m)云海经文解释悉迦罗经--序分(1)如是我闻。242.Eva.mmesuta.m:ThushaveIheard:那时，世尊住在王舍城附近松鼠食处竹林里。eka.msamaya.mbhagavaaraajagaheviharative.luvanekalandakanivaape/OnoneoccasiontheExaltedOnewasdwellingintheBambooGrove,theSquirrels'Sanctuary,nearRajagaha.悉迦罗经--序分(2)当时，有位家主的儿子悉迦罗，清晨起身后，走出王舍城。洗过头，身穿干净衣服，双手合十，向东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方各个方向恭敬礼拜。Tenakhopanasamayenasi^ngaalakogahapati-puttokaalassevau.t.thaayaraajagahaanikkhamitvaaallavatthoallakesopa~njalikoputhudisaanamassati:puratthima.mdisa.mdakkhi.na.mdisa.mpacchima.mdisa.muttara.mdisa.mhe.t.thima.mdisa.muparima.mdisa.m/Nowatthattime,youngSigala,ahouseholder'sson,risingearlyinthemorning,departingfromRajagaha,withwetclothesandwethair,worshippedwithjoinedhandsthevariousquarters--theEast,theSouth,theWest,theNorth,theNadir,andtheZenith.解释●松鼠食处：森林中饲养松鼠的地方。松鼠的英译为squirrel。●家主之子：“家主”的英译为householder，特指当时印度四种种姓之一的“吠舍”种姓(自由民、平民)的家长；“家主之子”(家主的儿子)即平民家庭中的青少年。●悉迦罗：巴利文为si^ngala-ka。此家主之子的名字是si^ngala，而ka是一个表示“幼小”的后缀。si^ngala-ka意为“小悉迦罗”。悉迦罗经--序分(3)然后，那天早上，世尊穿好衣服，带着衣钵，进入王舍城乞食。243.Athakhobhagavaapubba.nhasamaya.mnivaasetvaapatta-ciivaramaadaayaraajagaha.mpi.n.daayapaavisi/ThentheExaltedOne,havingrobedhimselfintheforenoontookbowlandrobe,andenteredRajagahaforalms.悉迦罗经--序分(4)世尊看见家主之子悉迦罗清晨起身后，走出王舍城，洗过头，身穿干净衣服，双手合十，向东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方各个方向恭敬礼拜。见到后，世尊对家主之子悉迦罗说道：Addasaakhobhagavaasi^ngaalaka.mgahapati-putta.mkaalassevavu.t.thaayaraajagahaanikkhamitvaaallavattha.mallakesa.mpa~njalika.mputhudisaanamassanta.m:puratthima.mdisa.mdakkhi.na.mdisa.mpacchima.mdisa.muttara.mdisa.mhe.t.thima.mdisa.muparima.mdisa.m/Disvaasi^ngaalaka.mgahapatiputta.metadavoca:NowhesawyoungSigalaworshippingthusandspoketohimasfollows:悉迦罗经--序分(5)“家主之子啊，你为何一早起来，走出王舍城，洗过头，身穿干净衣服，双手合十，向东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方各个方向恭敬礼拜？”ki.mnukhotva.m,gahapati-putta,kaalassevau.t.thaayaraajagahaanikkhamitvaaallavatthoallakesopa~njalikoputhudisaanamassasi:puratthima.mdisa.mdakkhi.na.mdisa.mpacchima.mdisa.muttara.mdisa.mhe.t.thima.mdisa.muparima.mdisanti?Whereforedoyou,younghouseholder,risingearlyinthemorning,departingfromRajagaha,withwetclothesandwethair,worship,withjoinedhandsthesevariousquarters--theEast,theSouth,theWest,theNorth,theNadir,andtheZenith?悉迦罗经--序分(6)“世尊啊，父亲临终时，对我说过：‘好儿子啊，你要恭敬礼拜各个方向。’Pitaama.m,bhante,kaala.mkarontoeva.mavaca:'disaa,taata,namasseyyaasii'ti/Myfather,Lord,whiledying,saidtome:Thesixquarters,dearson,youshallworship.悉迦罗经--序分(7)世尊啊，这样，我敬重、尊重、尊敬和崇敬父亲的话，早晨起身，走出王舍城，洗过头，身穿干净衣服，双手合十，向东方、南方、西方、北方、下方和上方各个方向恭敬礼拜。”Sokhoaha.m,bhante,pituvacana.msakkarontogaru.mkarontomaanentopuujentokaalassevau.t.thaayaraajagahaanikkhamitvaaallavatthoallakesopa~njalikoputhudisaanamassaami:puratthima.mdisa.mdakkhi.na.mdisa.mpacchima.mdisa.muttara.mdisa.mhe.t.thima.mdisa.muparima.mdisanti/AndI,Lord,respecting,revering,reverencingandhonoringmyfather'sword,riseearlyinthemorning,andleavingRajagaha,withwetclothesandwethair,worshipwithjoinedhands,thesesixquarters.悉迦罗经--序分(8)“家主之子啊，按照圣者律法，不应该这样恭敬礼拜六方。”244.Nakho,gahapati-putta,ariyassavinayeeva.mchadisaanamassitabbaati/Itisnotthus,younghouseholder,thesixquartersshouldbeworshippedinthedisciplineofthenoble.悉迦罗经--序分(9)“那么，世尊啊，按照圣者律法，应该怎样恭敬礼拜六方？太好了，世尊啊，请你为我示法，按照圣者律法，怎样恭敬礼拜六方。”Yathaakatha.mpana,bhante,ariyassavinayechadisaanamassitabbaa?Saadhume,bhante,bhagavaatathaadhamma.mdesetu,yathaaariyassavinayechadisaanamassitabbaati/Howthen,Lord,shouldthesixquartersbeworshippedinthedisciplineofthenoble?Itiswell,Lord,iftheExaltedOnewouldteachthedoctrinetomeshowinghowthesixquartersshouldbeworshippedinthedisciplineofthenoble.悉迦罗经--序分(10)“那么，家主之子啊，你专心致志听吧！我为你宣讲。”Tenahi,gahapati-puttasu.nohisaadhuka.mmanasikarohibhaasissaamiiti/Well,younghouseholder,listenandbearitwellinmind;Ishallspeak.--家主之子悉迦罗回答世尊说道：“好吧，世尊！”Eva.m,bhantetikhosi^ngaalakogahapati-puttobhagavatopaccassosi/Verygood,Lord,respondedyoungSigala.悉迦罗经--总纲(1)世尊这样说道：Bhagavaaetadavoca:AndtheExaltedOnespokeasfollows:“家主之子啊，圣者弟子Yatokho,gahapati-putta,ariya-saavakassaInasmuch,younghouseholder,asthenobledisciple悉迦罗经--总纲(2)摒弃四种业垢，cattaarokamma-kilesaapahiinaahonti,(1)haseradicatedthefourvicesinconduct,不在四种情况下犯有恶业，catuuhica.thaanehipaapakamma.mnakaroti,(2)inasmuchashecommitsnoevilactioninfourways,不打开六种财产流失的缺口，chacabhogaana.mapaayamukhaaninasevati,(3)inasmuchashepursuesnotthesixchannelsfordissipatingwealth,解释kamma-kilesa：“kilesa”有“染污、杂染”的含义，经常被用来比喻“不善”。此处“kamma-kilesa”的直译是“业的染污”。英译本解释为“,lit.,'actionsofdefilement.'”；汉译为“业垢”。悉迦罗经--总纲(3)这样，就远离十四种罪恶，soeva.mcuddasapaapakaapagatohethus,avoidingthesefourteenevilthings,保护六方，chaddisaapa.ticchaadiicoversthesixquarters,获得两个世界，ubholokavijayaayapa.tipannohoti/andentersthepathleadingtovictoryinbothworlds:悉迦罗经--总纲(4)他掌握今生和来世。Tassaaya~ncevalokoaaraddhohotiparocaloko/heisfavoredinthisworldandintheworldbeyond.他身体坏死后，获得好的去处，生在天界。Sokaayassabhedaapara.mmara.naasugati.msagga.mloka.mupapajjati/Uponthedissolutionofthebody,afterdeath,heisborninahappyheavenlyrealm.解释本经的主要内容是“人天乘佛法”中“戒论”、“施论”和“生天之论”。其中：“摒弃四种业垢”、“不在四种情况下犯有恶业”属于“戒论”的范畴；“不打开六种财产流失的缺口”、“保护六方”及穿插在其中的关于如何识别真假朋友的内容属于社会伦理道德方面的内容，与“戒论”、“施论”、“生天之论”都是相关的。悉迦罗经--业垢(1)“他摒弃哪四种业垢？245.Katamassacattaarokammaki