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车辆工程专业英语考试复习题1.Inaworkcycleoftheengine,eachpistongoesthroughfour-strokeprocesses:intakestroke,compressionstroke,powerstrokeandexhauststroke.这种内燃机每完成一个工作循环活塞需要经历四个冲程--进气冲程，压缩冲程，作功冲程和排气冲程2.Thisterrificpushagainstthepistonforcesitdownward,andapowerimpuiseistransmittedthroughtheconnectingrodtothethrowonthecrankshaft.上述压力作用快速推动活塞，迫使其向下运动，同时通过连杆将力传递给曲轴的曲柄。3.Valvemechanismofaninternalcombustionengineprovidestimelyadmissionofthefreshchargeintothecylindersandexhaustofspentgasesfromthem.一个内燃机的配气机构主要是适时地吸入新鲜混合气到气缸，并且及时地从气缸中排除尾气4.Valvemechanismincludesvalvegroupandvalvedrivinggroup.Thevalvegroupincludesvalve,valveseat,valveguideandvalvespring.Thevalvedrivinggroupincludescamshaft,lifter,pushrod,rockerarm,timinggearandsoon.配气机构包括气门组和气门传动组，气门组包括气门，气门座，气门导管和气门弹簧。气门传动组包括凸轮轴，挺杆，推杆，摇臂，正时齿轮等5.Inordertostrengthenthetanksaswellastopreventsurgingoffuelwhenthevehicleroundsacurveorsuddenlystops,baffleplatesareattachedtotheinsideofthetank当车辆转弯或突然停车时，为了加固油箱也为了防止燃油波动，汽油箱内（通常）有挡油板6.Moreovertolimitthetransmissionofframedistortiontothetankgivingrisetosquekingasthemetalpartsgetrubbedtogether.rubberorfeltpadsareoftenfittedbetweenthemountingsandthetank为了更好的限制车架变形传递到油箱而产生像金属元件在一起摩擦的敲击声，在衬托和油箱之间安装橡胶垫或毛毡垫7.theexhaustpipeistheconnectingpipebetweentheexhaustmanifoldandthemufflerorcatalyticconverter排气管是排气歧管和消音器或吹化转化器之间的连接管8，Thechargingsyetemdoestwojobs:Firstly,itprovideselectricalpowerfortheignitionsystemandthecar'sotherelectricalaccessories.Secondly,itsupplementsthepowerusedbythebatterywhenstaringthecar.Inorderwords,thechargingsystemmaintainsthebattery'sstateofcharging充电系统担负两项任务;第一，它为点火系统及汽车其他电器元件提供电能，第二，他提供蓄电池所需的能量。换句话说，充电系统维持着蓄电池的充电状态。9.Abasicignitionsystemconsistsofthebattery,low-tensioncoilandcables,theignitioncoil,thedistributor,high-tensioncoilandcables,sparkplugcablesandsparkplugs.一个基本的点火系统包括蓄电池、低压线圈电缆、点火线圈、分电器、高压线圈电缆、火花塞电缆和火花塞。10.Itcontainstwobasicelectricalcircuits:theprimarycircuit(low-voltagecircuit)andthesecondarycircuit(high-voltagecircuit).Theprimarycircuitconsistsofthebattery,ignitionswitch,resistancewire,ignitioncoilprimarywinding,distributorcontactpointandconnectingwiring.Thesecondarycircuitconsistsoftheignitioncoilsecondarywinding,distributorcap,distributorrotor,sparkplugandsparkplugwire.它包含两个基本电路：一次电路（低压电路）和二次电路（高压电路）。一次电路由蓄电池、点火开关、电阻线、点火线圈一次绕组、分电器出头和连接线组成。二次电路由点火线圈二次绕组、分电器盖、分电器转子、火花塞和火花塞线组组成。11.Thepurposeoftheignitionswitchistoconnectanddisconnecttheignitionsystemwiththebattery,sotheenginecanbestartedandstoppedasdesired.点火开关的作用就是将点火系统与蓄电池进行连接或者断开，从而使发动机能够按照人的意愿起动或停止。12.Thesolenoidallowsbatterycurrenttoflowdirectlyfromthebatterytothestartermotor,whichinturncrankstheengine.电磁线圈允许蓄电池电流直接从蓄电池流至起动机，从而驱动发动机运转。13.Ifthecooltanttemperaturefallsbelowthispri-settemperature,thethermostatblocksthecoolantflowtotheradiator,forcingthewaterinsteadthroughabypassdirectlybacktotheengine.如果冷却水温度低于设定温度，恒温器组织冷却水流入散热器，迫使冷却水从旁道回流到发动机。14.Theenginelubricationsystemsuppliesoiltoallthefrictionsurfacesbetweentheenginemovingparts.润滑系统为全部传动件的摩擦表面提供润滑油。15.Thecylinderwallsandpistonpinbearingsarelubricatedbyoilflingdispersedbytherotatingcrankshaft.Theexcessoilisthenscrapedoffbythelowerringinthepiston.汽缸壁和活塞销轴承被旋转曲轴的甩油润滑。多余的机油被活塞环挂掉。16.FR(frontengine,rearwheeldrive)前置后驱FF前置后驱RR后置后驱MR（middleengine，rearwheeldrive）中置后驱17.Themainpartsoftheclutchincludetheflywheel,clutchdisc,coverassembly,pressureplate,releasebearing,andclutchlinkage.该离合器的主要组成部分包括：飞轮、离合器盘、离合器盖总成、压盘、分离轴承和离合器连接。18.Whentheclutchpedalisdepressed,thethrow-outbearingmovestowardtheflywheel,pushinginthepressureplate'sreleasefingersandmovingtheprissureplate'sfingersorleversagainseprissureplatespringforce.当离合器脱离啮合的时候，球轴承与压盘膜片分离爪相连。当踩下离合器踏板的时候，分离轴承向飞轮靠近，压紧压盘的分离爪，移动压盘的分离爪或分离杠杆以平衡压盘的弹簧力。19.Themanualtransmissionmainlyconsistsofahousing,aninputshaftandgear,anoutputshaftandgear,anidlershaft,areversegear,aclusterofgearsandagearshiftmechanism.手动变速器主要零件包括：外壳、输入轴和齿轮、输出轴和齿轮、惰轮轴、倒档齿轮、齿轮系和换挡齿轮。20.Therearetwokindsofbrakesystems:servicebrakesystemandparkingbrakesystem.Theservicebrakesystemisthemainbrakingsystemusedtoslowdownorevenstopthecarthat'srunningatahighspeedandguaranteethesafetyofpassengers.Itisfoot-operatedbythedriverdepressingandreleasingthebrakepedal.Aparkingbrakesystemcanpreventtheautoslippingawayfromitsparkingplace,evenifitisparkedonasteepslope.汽车上一般有两个制动系：行车制动系和驻车制动系。行车制动系是主要制动系，可以使高速行驶的汽车减速或停车，并保证乘客的安全。它是通过驾驶员踩下或松开制动踏板以脚制动的。而驻车制动系则可以防止停放的汽车脱离停车位置，即便它是停在一个很陡的角度上。21.Withthedrumbrake,thefluidisforcedintothewheelcylinderwhichpushesthebrakeshoesoutsothatthefrictionliningsarepressedagainstthedrum,andcausethewheeltostop.通过一个叫做液压制动分泵的液压缸将制动蹄直径撑开，使之和制动表面接触。在鼓式制动器中，制动液被打入制动分泵，撑开制动蹄，这样摩擦片就会压住制动鼓，实现刹车。22.Whenitsensesthatoneormorewheelisrotatingslowerthantheothers,itmovesthevalvestodecreasethepressureonthebrakingcircuit,effectivelyreducingthebrakingforceonthatwheel.中心电子设备会时刻监控各个车轮的转速，如果检测到某个车轮的转速比其他车速低，就会控制该车的电磁阀降低刹车线路上的压力，有效地减小该车轮上的制动力。23.withtheimprovementanddevelopmentofthesystem,ithasbecomethemainstreamofgasolineenginefuelsystem,replacingthecarburetorfuelsystemonthemarket.随着它的不断改进和发展，该系统已经成为汽油发动机燃油系