专四A talk 技巧

TEM4听力辅导---TALK第一部分：考试介绍第二部分：题型分析第三部分：语言特征分析（重点）第四部分：应试技巧（重点）21.考试介绍要求：“能听懂英语国日常生活、社会生活和学习的演讲和会话。理解大意，领会说话者的态度、感情和真实意图。能做简单笔记，能辨识各种英语变。”设计：一篇500字长度的微型讲座和一项填空任务，要求考生边听边做笔记，然后完成10题填空；填空以提纲形式出现。31.考试介绍选材特点：自2004新大纲后以“英语专业知识和通识课程”为选题内容2005WritingaResearchPaper(科研)2006MeaninginLiterature（文学）2007WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?（艺术）2008ThePopularityofEnglish（语言）2009WritingExperimentalReports（科研）41.考试介绍2010ParalinguisticFeaturesofLanguage(语言)2011ClassificationsofCultures（文化）2012ObservingBehavior（科研）2013WhatDoActiveLearnersDo（学习）2014HowtoReduceStress（通识）2015UnderstandingAcademicLecture（学习）2016WhatisGrit（通识）51.考试介绍文体特点：讲座文体正式（但话语标记有时正式有时非正式），语言规范，逻辑严密，结构分明；含有专业名词或术语（e.g.linguafranca）；时间分配（一般）：8分钟左右讲座（边听边记录）2分钟检查笔记62.题型分析2.1关键信息题型*一级要点：讲座提纲的大标题二级要点：讲座提纲的小标题2.2推理判断题型**根据听到的内容和记录的笔记推理而出，一般会有多种正确答案2.3概括总结题型***在理解讲座原话的基础上进行概括、总结，有一定难度72.1关键信息题型一级要点：讲座提纲的主要节点/大标题要点排列有序，此类题目一般笔记不遗漏要点就能准确回答II.ReasonsforthepopularuseofEnglish1)(3)2)Economicreasons;3)(6)ininternationaltravel;4)Informationexchange;5)Popularculture;200882.1关键信息题型二级要点：讲座提纲的次要节点/小标题二级要点在一级要点之下，一般是列举、阐述、解释、分类等细节信息；题目很直观，解题有赖于认真仔细的记录和准确记忆II.TypesofInformationA.Informationinhistoryis(2)_______---facts,butnoopinionB.Informationinarthistoryissubjective---(3)_______andopinion20079(1)熟悉一般学术讲座的结构Opening开场白Thesis主题Connection承接Body正文Summary总结Closing收尾103.讲座结构和标记话语讲座的结构实例分析——2008(1)Opening开场白：“Goodmorning,everyone.”Thesis主题：“Today‘slectureisaboutthepopularityofEnglish.”Connection承接：“AlthoughEnglishisNOTthelanguagewiththelargestnumberofnativeor“first”languagespeakers,...whatisalinguafranca?Thetermrefersto…”“Then,actuallyhowmanypeoplespeakEnglishaseithera‘first’ora‘second’language…”11讲座的结构实例分析——2008(2)Body正文“Then,wemayaskaquestion…”“Firstisthehistoricalreason…”“Now,thesecondmajorfactor…”“AndthethirdfactorrelatedtothepopularuseofEnglishis…”“Anotherfactorhassomethingtodowithinformationexchange…”“ThelastfactorIcitehereconcernspopularculture…”12讲座的结构实例分析——2008(3)Summary总结“Now,tosumup,intoday’slecture,wehavereviewedsomeofthereasons…”Closing收尾“OK,thisbringsustotheendoftoday’slecture.Thankyouforyourattention.”13PRACTICEPleaseidentifythefollowingpartsinthemanuscriptofSectionATalkinTEM4-2016Opening开场白Thesis主题Connection承接Body正文Summary总结Closing收尾(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记(十二类)Introducing介绍/导入Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景Defining定义Listing列举Givingexamples举例Emphasizing强调Clarifying/Explaining解释Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接Givingfurtherinformation递进Givingcontrastinginformation转折Classifying分类Concluding总结15(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Introducing介绍/导入Today，whatIintendtosayisToday，whatI’dliketodoistodiscussToday，whatIintendtodoistoexplainInmytalktoday,/mytopictodayisToday,I’mgoingtotalkaboutToday，I’mgoingtotalktoyouaboutInthistalk,IwouldliketoconcentrateonToday，thesubjectofthistalkisIndirectWay:Ithinkasseniors,youareoftenrequiredbyyourinstructorstodosomelibraryresearchonthistopicorthat,andintheend,youhavetowritearesearchpaper.200416(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingbackgroundinformation交代背景AsweknowAswehavealreadyseenAswehaveallreadIt’sclearthatItgoeswithoutsayingWeallunderstandItisunderstoodYou’llremember17(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Defining定义XisiscalledisknownasmaybedefinedasisatypeofYthat/which18(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Listing列举FirstlySecondlyNextThenThirdlyLastlyFinallyFirstofallInthefirstplaceForonethingTobeginwithInthesecondplaceForanotherthingThefirst/second/next/lastpointI’dliketomakeis19(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingexamples举例Forexample,Forinstance,YouonlyhavetothinkofRemember,Say,Takesomethingforexample,20(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Emphasizing强调IwanttostressI’dliketoputemphasisonIt’simportanttorememberthatWeshouldbearinmindthatDon’tforgetthatTheessentialpointis21(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Clarifying/Explaining解释Inotherwords,Thatistosay,Toputitanotherway,BywhichImeanOryoucouldsayThepointI’mmakingisThatis,Namely,i.e.ThatmeansItturnsoutthat22(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Movingon/Changingdirection承接/转接That’sallIwanttosayaboutX.OK/Now/AllrightHavinglookedat…,I’dnowliketoconsiderI’dlikenowtomoveontoTurningnowtoSolet’sturntoMovingonnowto23(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingfurtherinformation递进Furthermore,AnotherpointAfurtherpointInaddition/Moreover/SimilarlyApartfrom,Notonly…,butWecanadd/IcouldaddthatFurther/Aswellas/Besides24(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Givingcontrastinginformation转折AlthoughHoweverOntheotherhandWhereasDespiteNeverthelessButAlternatively25(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Classifying分类ThereareNtypeskindsclassescategoriessortsvarietiesofX26(2)熟悉讲座常见的话语标记Concluding总结Thatcompletesmylecture.We’veseenthatFirstwelookedat…andwesawthatThenweconsidered...andIarguedthatInshort,TosumupInconclusion,I’dliketoemphasizethat272017考题，话语标记标注实训请将2017讲话中的录音文稿进行话语类型标记，之后请同学们举一反三，将往年真题进行总结归纳，平时听力训练中注意有意识地对这些“信号”形成积极回应。284.应试技巧之：如何记笔记如何记记什么实际操练如何记笔记养成良好的版面布局和工整习惯。形成个性化的简写和符号体系。养成良好的笔记习惯形成个性化的简写和符号体系一是多用简写。简写方法：1.只记前几个字母。2.使用撇号代替中间字母。3.利用常用的缩写。4.根据发音改变拼写。5.用汉字。形成个性化的简写和符号体系二是多用符号。1.数学符号2.惯用符号3.图形符号4.趋向符号5.英文字母6.英文小写缩写7.数字笔记8.逻辑结构记录常用符号*=important≤=lessorequal≥=moreorequal↑=increase↓=decreas