The_British_Media_(英国的媒体)

Unit9TheBritishMediaFocalpoints1.Popularityofthemedia(媒体的受欢迎程度)2.Thequalitypress(优质报章)3.TheObserver《观察家报》4.TheTimes《泰晤士报》5.TheGuardian《卫报》6.TheTelegraph《电讯报》7.TheFinancialTime《金融时报》8.Thetabloids(小报)9.Televisionandradio(电视和无线电)10.TheBritishBroadcastingCorporation(BBC)(英国广播公司)11.TheIndependentTelevisionCommission(独立电视委员会)Howmanymediatypesdoyouknow?Whatarethey?What’sthefunctionofmedia?DivisionofmediaTelevisionRadioNewspapers,magazinesMediaPopularityofthemediaThemediaiscentraltoBritishleisurecultureThedegreeofpopularityofthemediainUK:1st:TV2nd:newspaper3rd:radioThefunctionsofthemediaprovideentertainment;informationaboutpoliticalandsocialissues;weatherreports;carryadvertising;education;provideaforumforpeopletowritelettersorphoneintoexpresstheirviewsorseekadvice;engenderinganationalcultureIthasoneoftheworld’soldestestablishednewspaperindustries;late18th&early19thcenturyReasons:BritainbegantoindustrializeThedemocraticfranchise(选举权）wasextendedLiteracy（识字）levelroseTheObserver(1791):theworld’soldestnationalpaperTheTimes(1785):theUK’soldestdailynewspaperBritishNewspapersThepowerofthepressPoliticsWatchdog（监督者）function:offertheelectorateobjectivereports(theimportanceoffreepresstothefunctioningofparliamentarydemocracy)BusinessInformpotentialcustomersabouttheirproductsandservices,sotheadvertisingbusinesswasbornAdvertisingCode(广告法规AC)InBritain,mostadvertisingiscarriedinnewspapers.AllmediamustfollowACItmakessurethatalladvertisementsarelegal,decent,honestandtruthfulAlladvertisementsshouldhaveasenseofresponsibilityforconsumersandsocietyAllshouldrespecttheprinciplesoffaircompetition.AdvertisingStandardsBoard(广告标准委员会）ControversialBenettonaddesignsBritishnewspapercultureisunusual(不常见的）intheextenttowhichclassandeducationaldifferencesarereflectedinthenewspaperspeoplereadThequalitypress(严肃的报纸)orthebroadsheetsThegutterpress(低级趣味报纸)orthetabloidsTheQualityPressThequalitypresscarrymoreseriousandin-deptharticlesofparticularpoliticalandsocialimportanceTheyalsocarryreviewsandfeaturearticlesabouthighcultureandwillgenerallybereadbyawell-educated,middleclassaudienceTheDailyTelegraph《每日电报》TheTimes《泰晤士报》TheGuardian《卫报》TheObserver《观察家报》TheDailyTelegraphFoundedin1855,itisadailymorningbroadsheet（大幅印刷）newspaperdistributedthroughouttheUnitedKingdomandinternationallyanditisforitscentre-rightandconservativestanceInJanuary2009,theTelegraphwasthehighestsellingnewspaperamongBritishbroadsheetsTheTimesItisadailynationalnewspaperpublishedintheUnitedKingdomsince1785Thoughtraditionallyamoderatelycentre-rightnewspaperandasupporteroftheConservatives,itsupportedtheLabourPartyinthe2001and2005generalelectionsTheGuardianIt(formerlyknownasTheManchesterGuardian)isaBritishnationaldailynewspaperownedbytheGuardianMediaGroup.Foundedin1821,itisknownforitsleft-of-centrepoliticalstance.Atthe2010electionitsupportedtheLiberalDemocrats.TheGuardianis“apaperthatwillremainbourgeoistothelast”.TheObserverisitssisterSundaypaperTheGutterPressTabloid:Itisasmallerformatnewspaperwithcolourphotosandcatchyheadlines.Itcarriesscandalsandgossipusuallyaboutfamouspeoplesoastoattractreaders.Storiesareshort,easytoreadandoftenrelymoreonopinionthanfact.TheNewsoftheWorldItbeganpublishingasapaperin1843.Itgivesgreatcoverageoncrime,sportandsexstories.Bythe1930sitwasBritain’smostpopularSundaypaper,selling3.4millioncopieseachweek.Itnowsellsabout4.7millionpaperseachweek,andisBritain’sbiggestseller.ItwasthehomeoftheBritishpressuntilthe1980s.ItisalsoknownastheStreetofShame（羞耻街）EventhoughthelastmajorBritishnewsoffice,Reuters,leftin2005,FleetStreetcontinuestobereferredtoBritishnewspaperculture.FleetStreetBritishNewspapers—politicallearningTheDailyTelegraph(dailyqualitynewspaper):TheDailyMail(dailymid-marketnewspaper):TheFinancialTimes(dailyqualitynewspaper):TheTimes(dailyqualitynewspaper):TheSundayTimes(weeklyqualitynewspaper):TheSun(dailypopularnewspaper):TheIndependent(dailyqualitynewspaper):TheDailyMirror(dailypopularnewspaper):TheGuardian(dailyqualitynewspaper):ConservativeLiberal-socialistOfficiallyspeakingtheBritishnewspapersarefreefromgovernmentcontrolandcensorship（新闻检查）andcanprintwhattheylike,butmanyBritishlawslimitthefreedomofnewspapers.ThemediaarealsoaffectedbyOfficialSecretAct(官方保密法案).alegalactwhichdemandsthatallgovernmentinformationiskeptsecretunlessthegovernmentsaysitcanbereleasedandthosewhobreakthislegalactwouldbefinedorevensenttoprison.OtherinformationaboutBritishnewspaper“thereisalmostnoescapefromtelevision”97%householdshaveaTVsetandvirtallyeverybodyhasaradio,4hoursadaywatchingTV.TonotparticipateinBritishtelevisionviewingistoeffectivelycutoneselfofffromBritishcultureandsocietyWhatdoBritishpeoplewatch?BritishsoapspresentgrittyandrealisticaccountsoftheeverydaylifeofBritonsandareofhighquality.(localpub)TheBroadcastmediaCoronationStreet(加冕街)EastEnders(伦敦东区)BritainhasafairlyconservativetelevisioncultureSatelliteTVisnotsopopular.Thereareonly5televisionchannels—BBC1,BBC2,fundedbylice