词类转换翻译

专升本专题讲座词类转换与英汉互译试题要求应试技巧实例分析词类转换试题要求词类转换（或词形转换）试题主要考查考生正确、熟练地使用词汇的能力，其形式主要通过词性转换，即通过正确使用词性（名词、动词、形容词、副词等）或正确的构词法（前缀、后缀等），使构词正确、恰当，句意完整、连贯。词性转换词性转换指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式：1.名词转化为动词：order（n—v命令）；seat（n座位—v就座）；water（n水—v浇水）；shoulder（n肩膀—v负责任）；time(n时间--v计时)2.动词转化为名词：try（v尝试—n尝试）；look（v看—n表情）；swim（v游泳—n游泳）；dream（v做梦—n梦）3.形容词转化为动词：dirty（adj脏的—v弄脏）；slow（adj慢的—v放慢；减慢）；right（adj正确的—v纠正）；dry（adj干的—v变干）；free（adj自由的—v解放；使自由）；wrong（adj错误的—v弄错；受委屈）4.形容词转化为名词：dear（adj昂贵的—n喜欢的人/物）；quiet（adj寂静的—n寂静）；total（adj全部的—n总数）构词法合成词:override,heartbroken,green-hand,ever-lasting,mother-in-law,parkinglot派生词:resposibility,enlarge,shorten,imcompatible,disarm,asleep,unsuitable合成词合成形容词⑴数词+名词afive-yearplan；first-classproducts；second-handgoods；afour-letterword⑵数词+名词+edathree-leggedbench；aone-eyedcamel⑶数词+名词+形容词a20-year-oldlady；a1，000-metre-longbridge⑷名词+现在分词peace-loving；meat-eating；English-speaking；history-making⑸名词+过去分词heart-broken；man-made；state-owned；water-covered⑹形容词+名词+edabsent-minded；blue-eyed；good-tempered；kind-hearted⑺形容词+现在分词bad-looking；fine-sounding；easy-going⑻形容词+名词short-term；part-time；high-class；large-scale⑼副词+现在分词hard-working；far-reaching；ever-lasting⑽副词+过去分词well-developed；well-known；well-trained⑾其他构词形式的合成形容词all-round；face-to-face；thank-you；out-of-date合成名词①名词+名词silkworm；footprint；newspaper；glasshouse；bedroom;she-wolf;sandstorm②名词+动名词handwriting；sun-bathing；sight-seeing③形容词+名词shorthand；hotline；blackboard;coldwar④动名词+名词waiting-room；sleeping-pill；writing-desk；reading-room⑤动词+名词pickpocket；postoffice；playground；water-ski⑥动词+副词get-together；break-through；take-off；lookout⑦副词+动词downfall；overthrow；outbreak；income;outside;⑧其他构成形式的合成名词well-being；good-for-nothing；by-product；touch-me-not（含羞草）；self-improvement；self-criticism;hardnose派生是指由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。word词根：如depend,call,light前缀+词根:如enlist,belittle前缀+词根+后缀:如independent,irresponsible派生词常见的英文前缀及其含义a，an-①无，不，非:astable不稳定的,acentric无中心的,atypical②含有in,on,at,by,with,to等意义：asleep,ahead,aliveab-脱离:abnormal,absent;abstract;abmind;abuseAnti-反抗:antiwar,anti-imperialist,anti-virusauto-自动autobiography,autostable,automobile;autonomousbe-使…加强:belittle;befriend,becalm;bethink（反思）bi-二,双:biweekly;bilingual;bicycle;binoculars(双筒望远镜)co,col,com,con,cor共同:cooperation/collaboration,combine,correlation,coherent,co-occurrencecounter,contra反,对应:counteract;contrast,counterpartdi,dif,dis否定,相反:diffident不自信dislike,disagreeen,em使…:enlarge,enable,empowere,ex外,出:external,erupt,extensive,extendextra以外,超过:extraordinary,extra-solar,extra-chargehyper在上,超:hyper-frequency超高频hypersonic;hypermarketil,im,in,ir否定:illogical,impossible,invisible,irrational,illegalinter互相:interchange,interlock连锁,internationalmal恶,不良:maltreat,malfunction,malformationmicro微:microscope,microware,microphone;microsoftmid中,中间:midair,midstream,MidwayIslandmini小:minibus;mini-state,miniskirtmis错,坏:misspell,mispronounce，misleadmulti多:multiparty;multilingual,multiple-choicenon否定:nonsmoker,nonexistent,nonsense,nonfiction,nonstandardout超出:outgo,outgrow;outdoor,out-root,outer-space,outlawover上,过度:overwork,overeat;oversleep;overdopost后:postwar,postgraduate,postscriptpre前,领先:prewar,prefix,prehistoryre回,再:return,restart,regain,renewsemi半:semicircle,semiconductor,semispheresub,suc,suf,sup次,亚,低于:substandard,suffix,supplement,successiontrans转换,越过:transmit,transatlantic,transmission,transplant,transportationtri三:tricycle,triangle,trinity（三位一体）un否定:unstable,unknown,unfairunder下,内,不足:underground,underskirt,underpay,underwearuni单一：uniform，uni-polar，unity常见英文单词的后缀及其含义able,ible能…的:readable,sensible,eatableage状态,性质,行为:breakage,shortage,storageal(adj)具有…性质的:personal,regional,national,functional,politicalal(n)表动作,人,事物:proposal,professional,arrivalance,ence状态,性质:confidence,assistance,maintenance,patienceancy,ency状态，行为：constancy,urgency,emergency,presidencyant,ent表人,物,行为:applicant,correspondent,servantarian人:humanitarian,politician,vegetarianative多,充满:imaginative,talkative,activeation(n)性质,状态:declaration,hesitation,explorationcide杀:suicide,insecticide,bactericide除菌剂dom性质状态,行为:freedom,wisdom,kingdomee表动作的承受者:employee,trainee,enlistee,refugee,absenteeeer从事…的人:pioneer,volunteer,profiteeren(v)使变成:harden,shorten,blacken,whitenen(adj)有…质的,似:golden,woolen,woodener,or人,物:singer,survivor,footballer,actorery状态,性质,行为:nursery,robbery,slavery,bakery面包房,cookery烹饪法ese人及语言：Chinese,Japanese,Portuguese,journalese新闻文体ess表女性,雌性:hostess,actress,stewardess,tigeressful充满…的:cupful,fearful,dreadful,hopefulhood身份,状况,性质:neighborhood,manhood,womanhood,childhoodboyhood/girlhood,brotherhoodic,ical类似…的:heroic,logical,identicalify使成…,使…化:magnify,purify,beautifyion/tion状态,性质:fashion,decision,actionish似…的,有…的:selfish,childish,foolish,womanish做女人状的,reddishism表示…主义,行为,学派:realism,tourism,fatalism,modernism,socialismist从事…人:socialist,dentist,pianist,guitarist,machinist,novelist,linguistive…性质的:protective,productive,descriptive,extensive,expensiveize,ise,yze/yse…化:realize,analyze,modernize,popularize,legalize,globalize,localizeless无:fearless,useless,painless,careless,homeless,powerless,tireless,countless,endlesslet小