62Alfred Tennyson

1809-1892catalogue1234lifeworkscommentsrepresentativeworkAlfredTennysonBriefintroductionBorn6August1809Somersby,Lincolnshire,EnglandDied6October1892(aged83)Lurgashall,Sussex,EnglandOccupationPoetLaureateAlmamaterCambridgeUniversitySpouseEmilySellwood(m.1850)ChildrenHallamTennyson,2ndBaronTennysonHon.LionelTennysonHislifetimefriendshipandamemberofApostles'engagedtoEmilySellwoodwenttoCambridgepublishedTwoBrothers1829leftCambridgewenttolivenearLondon,for10yearspublishednothing18501883acceptedbarony（男爵爵位）1842hisfameestablished1838189218271836hedied1831hewasborn1809appointedPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人）HisfamilyTennysonwasborninSomersby,Lincolnshire,England.[5]Hewasbornintoamiddle-classlineofTennysons,butalsohadanobleandroyalancestry.Hisfather,GeorgeClaytonTennyson(1778–1831),wasrectorofSomersby(1807–1831),alsorectorofBenniworth(1802–1831)andBagEnderby,andvicarofGrimsby(1815).Rev.GeorgeClaytonTennysonraisedalargefamilyandwasamanofsuperiorabilitiesandvariedattainments,whotriedhishandwithfairsuccessinarchitecture,painting,music,andpoetry.HewascomfortablywelloffforacountryclergymanandhisshrewdmoneymanagementenabledthefamilytospendsummersatMablethorpeandSkegness,ontheeasterncoastofEngland.AlfredTennyson'smother,ElizabethFytche(1781–1865),wasthedaughterofStephenFytche(1734–1799),vicarofSt.JamesChurch,Louth(1764)andrectorofWithcall(1780),asmallvillagebetweenHorncastleandLouth.Tennysonandtwoofhiselderbrotherswerewritingpoetryintheirteens,andacollectionofpoemsbyallthreewaspublishedlocallywhenAlfredwasonly17.Oneofthosebrothers,CharlesTennysonTurner,latermarriedLouisaSellwood,theyoungersisterofAlfred'sfuturewife;theotherwasFrederickTennyson.AnotherofTennyson'sbrothers,EdwardTennyson,wasinstitutionalisedataprivateasylum.theplacewhereTennysonwasraisedandbeganwriting.TennysonwithhiswifeEmily(1813–1896)andhissonsHallam(1852–1928)andLionel(1854–1886).Farringford–Tennyson'sresidenceontheIsleofWight.HiscollegeStatueofLordTennysoninthechapelofTrinityCollege,Cambridge.ArmsofAlfred,LordTennyson,1884stainedglasswindow,HallofTrinityCollege,Cambridge1.FullnameCollegeoftheHolyandUndividedTrinitywithintheTownandUniversityofCambridgeofKingHenrytheEighth'sfoundation2.FounderHenryVIII3.NamedafterTheHolyTrinity4.Established15465.PreviouslynamedKing'sHallandMichaelhouse(untilmergedin1546)6.MasterSirGregoryWinter7.Undergraduates7008.Graduates3509.SistercollegeChristChurch,Oxford10.LocationTrinityStreetCollegesoftheUniversityofCambridgeTrinityCollegeDiedonOct.6,1892,Aldworth,SurreyAlfred,LordTennysonisburiedinPoetsCorner,WestminsterAbbey,London,England.BurialStoneofLordTennysonHismajorwork(1)PoemsbyTwoBrothers1827《两兄弟诗集》(2)TheLadyofShallot1832《夏洛蒂小姐》(3)TheLotus-Eaters1832《食荷花人》(4)TheMiller'sDaughter1832《磨坊主的女儿》(5)TheMayQueen1832《五月女王》(6)Poems1833(acollecionofhisearlypoems)《诗集》(7)TwovolumesofPoems(securedhispositionastheleadingpoetofhistime)1842《诗集》第二卷(8)ThePrincess(aboutthehigheducationofwomen)1847《公主》(9)InMemoriamA.H.H.1850《悼念》(thedeathofafriendArthurHenryHallam)(10)Maud1855《毛黛》(11)EnochArden1864《伊诺克·阿登》(12)IdyllsoftheKing1859-1885《国王之歌》InMemoriamMouringthedeathofhisfriendArthurHallam,expressinghisthoughtsontheproblemsoffaith,life,death,andimmortality.CrossingtheBarThispoemwaswritteninthelateryearsofTennyson'slife.Wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.Tennyson'sBest-knownShortPoemsTheArtofTennyson'spoetry1.Usedawiderangeofsubjectmatter(medievallegends,classicalmyths,domesticsituations,etc.)2.Skilledinthelyric,thedramaticmonologue(独白)3.PerfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglishandconsummatechoiceandtasteinwords.ArtisticFeatures1.Alyriconthelossofyouth,innocenceandhappiness2.Deepgrief,sincerefeelings3.Smoothnessofrhythm,musicaleffect4.Imagesandsymbols5.Sounddevices:longvowels,metricalfeaturesCommentonAlfredTennysonBythemid-19thcenturyhehadcometooccupyapositionsimilartothatofAlexanderPopeinthe18th.Tennysonwasaconsummatepoeticartist,consolidatingandrefiningthetraditionsbequeathedtohimbyhispredecessorsintheRomanticmovement.Tennysonwasalsoregardedasthepreeminentspokesmanfortheeducatedmiddle-classEnglishwoman,inmoralreligiousoutlookandinpoliticalandsocialconsciousnessnolessthaninmattersoftasteandsentiment.TennysonistherepresentativepoetofVictorianage.HehasperfectcontrolofthesoundofEnglish.HisworksarenotonlytheproductsofthecreativeimaginationofapoeticgeniusbutalsoproductsofalongandrichEnglishheritage.Tennysonwasseverelycriticizedbyimagistpoetsintheearlytwentiethcenturyforhisaffectationandwordiness.Break,break,break海浪喧哗1.MainideaThepoempresentsasea-sideimage,completewithawildsea,playingchildren,fishermenandsailingboats,butTennysonmanipulatestheseelementstorevealapoemabouthisfeelingsoflossafterHallamdiedandtherealizationthatthereissomethingbeyondthecycleoflifeanddeath.2.FormandStyleThepoemcontainsfourquatrains（四行诗）,withcombinediambic（抑扬格的）andanapesticfeet（抑抑扬格音步）.Mostlineshavethreefeetandsomefour.Therhymescheme（格律）isabcb.Break,break,break,Onthycoldgreystones,OSea!AndIwouldthatmytonguecouldutterThethoughtsthatariseinme.Owellforthefisherman'sboy