冠词专项改错

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一、冠词残缺(一)缺少不定冠词a/an单数可数泛指某一不确定的人或事物,应加不定冠词a/an。单数名词有形容词修饰的,冠词放在形容词前面,而非名词前面。冠词后的名词或者形容词首音为辅音的,加a;单词首音为元音的,加an。注意:有些单词首字母是元音字母,但首音并不发元音的,其前的不定冠词要用a。如:university,useful,usual,Europe(首音均发半元音[j]),one(首音为[w])有些单词首字母是辅音字母,但首音却发元音的,其前的不定冠词an。如:hour,honest,honorable,unusual1、冠词后的名词前有形容词的情形(此种情形由于被分割,很容易忽略,考得也最多):(2013O1)ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.(2010O2Inotherwords,wewouldbeseparatedlongtime.(2007O2)ImeanttowritelongletterandtellyouallthethingsI'mdoingatschool,butthebellwasringing,soIjusthavetostophere.(2005O3)②Ihopeyou’vehadpleasantjourneyhomeandwillcometoChinaagainsometimesinthefuture.(2002O2)Aseveryoneknows.it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimal.(2000春)②I’lltakethischancewishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.2、冠词后的名词前无形容词的情形:Ifyou'dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.(2004O2)I'msuretheywilllaughtomeandseemeasfool.(2010O1)②TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasaverymuchfamouswriter.3、注意固定词组中的冠词不能缺少。(2014N1)Asresult,theplantsaregrowingsomewhere.4.在such或so+形容词与单数可数名词连用时,不可缺a(an)。如:Heissuch∧(an)honestboythatallofuslikehim.Thisissogood∧(a)bookthatIreaditagain.5.表示“有些”时,little,few前面不可缺少a。如:Don’thurry.Thereis∧(a)littletimeleft.6.many前有great,good时,要加a。如:∧(a)greatmanypeople.若many后接单数名词,中间须有a(an)。如:Many∧(a)manhastrieditbefore.7.一些不可数名词前,有形容词修饰表示“一种(场)等”时,要加a(an)。如:It’s∧(a)famousChinesetea.Therewas∧(a)heavyrainlastnight.8.用专有名词表示“一个像(叫)……的人”时,用a(an),如:Hewishedtobe∧(a)LeiFeng.∧(A)MrWangcalledyouupjustnow.(二)缺少定冠词the1.特指某一个人或者事物,特指某一些人或事物(即说话者和听话者都知道的人或者事物),名词前须用定冠词the加以限定。考试题中的特指线索:一是前文已提到过的人或者事物,二是已有专有名词修饰。但若名词前已有等限定词或者修饰语时,则不能再加定冠词了。特指某一个人或者事物:(2013O2)Asaresult,nobodyknewtruth.(2013N2)Thiscustomsoonbecomesanothermealofday.(2009O2)JustbeforeIturnedcornerofParkStreet,Ihappenedtoseeanaccident.(2008O2)Second,IwilllearnmoreabouthistoryoftheOlympicsasgoodasthe2008OlympicGames.(1998)②Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.特指某一些人或者事物:(2011O1)OneofmyunforgettablememoryofmyschoolinXinjiangisthatofluncheswebroughtfromourhomes.2.“形容词比较级+ofthetwo…”前必须用the。如:Heis∧(the)betteroneofthetwo.二、冠词多余1.在一些固定短语或者词组中,有些名词即使是可数名词,其前面也没有不定冠词。这可能是由于习惯使然。(NMET2000)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.(2013年NI)Inafact,heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwith。2.与介词at,in,to连用的名词school,class,town,hospital,church,prison,bed等表示与其有关的活动时,用冠词是多余的。如:gototheschool(上学),beintheprison(坐牢),beinthebed(在睡觉)3.与by连用的交通工具名称和air,land,sea等名词前用冠词是多余的。如:bythebike,bythesea,bythetrain4.表示游戏活动而不是表示游戏工具的名词前不用冠词。如:playthe/avolleyball,playthechess,playthetabletennis5.由“专有名词+普通名词”构成的专有名词前不用定冠词。如:theBeijingAirport,theOxfordStreet,theHydePark6.在一些固定搭配中。如:atthefirst,atthelast,themostofus7.most作“非常”解时,前面用the是多余的。如:Oh!It’sthemostbeautiful!Sheisthemostdiligent.8.含有Day的节日前加the是多余的。如:theMayDay,theWomen’sDay,theNationalday,theNewYear’sDay9.在“名词+as/though…”结构中,名词前不用任何冠词。如:achildasheis/afoolasheis三、错词:不定冠词和定冠词之间的误用在短文中首次的单数可数名词,泛指一个事物时,须用不定冠词a。AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.前文已提到过的人或者事物,须有定冠词the加以限定。Manycountriesintheworldfindtheydon’thaveenoughwater.Todealwithaproblem,Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesbecausetreeswillhelpsavewater.已有same修饰的名词,须有定冠词the加以限定。Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.四、冠词和代词、数词之间的误用Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(keepadiary是一个固定词组,“记日记”;而keepmydiary意思是“保留我的日记”)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(one……another也是固定搭配,二者往往成对出现。)真题单句归纳(1)Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.(a改为an,因hour读音以元音开头)(全国卷)(2)Idecidedtoclimbthetreetoseewherewewere.(the改为a,因此处并非特指,而是泛指)(全国卷)(3)Somepeoplereadthebooksorwatchtelevisionwhileothershavesports.(去掉the,因这里的books表泛指,不表特指)(全国卷)(4)Goodhealthisperson’smostvaluablepossession.(person’s前加a,这里的a表泛指)(全国卷)(5)Modernpeopleknowmoreaboutthehealth,havebetterfood,andliveinclearersurroundings.(去掉the,因health表泛指)(全国卷)(6)ThereispubliclibraryineverytowninBritain.(publiclibrary前加a,因这里的publiclibrary是单数可数名词表泛指,故在其前用a)(全国卷)(7)Maybeyoucouldcomeduringawinterholidays.(a改为the,因从含义上看,此处的winterholidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的)(全国卷)(8)TodayIvisitedtheSmiths—myfirstvisittoaAmericanfamily.(a改为an,因American的读音以元音开头)(全国卷)(9)Eachplayermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.(captain前加冠词the,captain为特指)(全国卷)(10)Somewantedtoseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferredanother.(the改为one,one与下一行的another构成“一个……另一个”)(全国卷)(11)I’lltakethischancetowishyouwonderfultimeonyourbirthday.(wonderful前加a,该表达与haveagoodtime类似,其中的a不可省)(北京春季卷)(12)Suddenly,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.(去掉a,catchsightof是习语,意为“看见、瞥见”)(全国卷)(13)Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery(奥秘).(去掉the,rain在此泛指)(北京春季卷)(14)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.(a改为the,因same前应用定冠词)(全国卷)(15)Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.(在famous前加a,注意mountain是单数可数名词)(全国卷)(16)Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.(mydiary改为adiary,keepadiary意为“写日记”)(全国卷)(17)WhenIwasboy,themostexcitingthingwastocelebratetheSpringFestival.(boy前加a,因boy为可数名词)(江苏卷)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