英语时文泛读 第三册 Unit 3 B

Unit3TextBUrbanization:prosandconsModernization:whatdoesitmean?Povertyofthemigrantworkers;Competitionwiththelocalpeopleforjob,Ruralareasslowdown;agriculturegothurt;Agrilanddecrease;Morechances;benefits;Brainstormoftopic&vocabularyTopicfor2minutesSecondreadingin7’Summary&questionsAuthor’sattitudetoChongqing’surbanization?ImpetusdrivingChongqing’surbanizationprocess:Progress/achievements:Problems:Reforms:End:重庆位于中国内陆西南部、长江上游地区。幅员面积8.24万平方公里，辖38个区县（26区、8县、4自治县）。户籍人口3392万人，常住人口3048万人、城镇化率62.6%。人口以汉族为主，土家族、苗族等少数民族人口200万人。重庆是中国中西部唯一直辖市，国家重要中心城市，长江上游地区经济中心，国家重要的现代制造业基地，西南地区综合交通枢纽，全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区。直辖以来，重庆经济社会发展取得显著成就。老工业基地改造振兴步伐加快，形成了电子信息、汽车、装备制造、综合化工、材料、能源和消费品制造等千亿级产业集群，农业农村和金融、商贸物流、服务外包等现代服务业快速发展。以交通为重点的基础设施建设成效明显，建成“二环八射”高速公路网和“一枢纽六干线二支线”铁路网，基本实现“4小时重庆”、“8小时周边”，2014年港口年货物吞吐量达1.47亿吨，江北机场旅客吞吐量近3000万人次。(III)UrbanandruralpopulationIn2009,amongtheresidentpopulationofthecity,therewere14,749,200urbanpopulation,accountingfor51.59%and13,840,800ruralpopulation,accountingfor48.41%.(IV)UrbanizationIn2009,amongtheresidentpopulationofthecity,urbanizationratewas51.59%.Where,theratewas60.30%withinone-houreconomiccircle,9.90%intheeastandsouthwingsofChongqingand29.80%intheeastandnorthwingsofChongqing.Chongqingisnowatanewmomentum,amomentumforbroaderachievements.Thisattributestothreeunprecedentedopportunities:theconstructionoftheThreeGorgesDamProjectandthemigrationofresidentsintheThreeGorgesReservoirRegion,theestablishmentofthemunicipalitydirectlyunderthecentralgovernment,andChina'sGoWestStrategy.Thisbringsnewvigor,newvisiontoChongqingandturnsanewfolioonChongqing'shistory.DeepintheheartofChina,thehillyriversidecityofChongqingisburningwithambitionandwreathedinashroudofsmog.ButChongqing’smegacitydreamsaretroubled.TheChryslerBuildingisanArtDecostyleskyscraperinNewYorkCity,locatedontheeastsideofManhattanintheTurtleBayareaattheintersectionof42ndStreetandLexingtonAvenue.Standingat1,047feet(319m),itwastheworld'stallestbuildingfor11monthsbeforeitwassurpassedbytheEmpireStateBuildingin1931.AfterthedestructionoftheWorldTradeCenter,itwasagainthesecond-tallestbuildinginNewYorkCityuntilDecember2007,whenthespirewasraisedonthe1,200foot(365.8m)BankofAmericaTower,pushingtheChryslerBuildingintothirdposition.Inaddition,TheNewYorkTimesBuilding,whichopenedin2007,isexactlylevelwiththeChryslerBuildinginheight.TheChryslerBuildingisaclassicexampleofArtDecoarchitectureandconsideredbymanycontemporaryarchitectstobeoneofthefinestbuildingsinNewYorkCity.ItwastheheadquartersoftheChryslerCorporationfrom1930untilthemid-1950s,but,althoughthebuildingwasbuiltanddesignedspecificallyforthecarmanufacturer,thecorporationdidnotpayfortheconstructionofitandneverownedit,asWalterP.Chryslerdecidedtopayforithimself,sothathischildrencouldinheritit.megacityInChina’ssometimesconfusingadministrativenomenclature,Chongqingiscalledamunicipality,oneofonlyfourthatenjoyprovincial-levelstatus(theothersareBeijing,ShanghaiandTianjin).nomenclaturec.1600,aname,fromFr.nomenclature,fromL.nomenclaturacallingofnames,fromnomenclatornamer,fromnomenname(seename)+calatorcaller,crier,fromcalarecallout(seeclaim).NomenclatorinRomewasthetitleofastewardwhosejobwastoannouncevisitors,andalsoofaprompterwhohelpedastumpingpoliticianrecallnamesandpetcausesofhisconstituents.Meaninglistorcatalogueofnamesfirstattested1630s;thatofsystemofnamingisfrom1660s;senseofterminologyofascienceisfrom1789.ThemunicipalitycoversanareathesizeofScotland(muchofitjustasrugged),anditspopulationisscatteredoverthousandsoftownsandvillagesstraddlingtheYangziriver.Accordingtoofficialfigures,about45%ofChongqing’speopleliveinurbanareas(nearlyhalfinthewould-be-ManhattanofChongqingproper).StatisticslikethesemakeChina’spropertydevelopersdrool.Thankstothelureofthewealthycoast,manyhavealreadydoneso.Chicagowas“agatewaytovastandlargelyundevelopedlandstoitswest,ahubwherethetrafficofroads,raillinesandwaterwaysconverged,andacentreforbusinesswhereambitionevisceratedrisk.”Chongqing“isallofthesethings.”e‧vis‧ce‧rate[transitive]formalortechnicaltocuttheorgansoutofaperson'soranimal'sbodyHuangQifan,themunicipality’sdeputymayor,likestomeasurehiscityagainstAmerica’surbanpowerhouses.Hepointstocar-makingDetroit.Chongqing,hesays,isChina’sthird-orfourth-biggestcarmanufacturingcentre,withanexpectedoutputof1mvehiclesthisyear,up25%from2006Powerhouse:averypowerfulgroup,organization,etc;verystrongorenergeticperson;Chongqinghasbeenhelpedbymassivecentral-governmentsupportsincethelate1990s,aimedatreducingtheimbalancebetweentheprosperouscoastandmoresluggishinterior翻译：Inthenexttenyearshewantstohalveinvestment’scontributiontogrowthandtriplethatofconsumptionandexports.ChongqinginhisplanistobeaninlandShanghai.Allthismoneyisbringingruraljob-seekersflockingintoChongqing(thecityproper,seechart).Many,knownasstickmen,loiteronthestreetscarryingbamboopolesusedforluggingloadsupthehillystreets(sosteepthatpedal-drivenvehiclesarehardlytobeseen).ThecityisoneofthemagnetsforthehugeshiftofpeoplefromthecountrysidethatistransformingChina.Labou