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WinesofFranceMapofFranceQualityGradings•Frenchwinesaredividedintotwocategories,tablewineandqualitywine.•法国的葡萄酒被分成两大种类,餐桌酒和高品质葡萄酒.•“QualityWineProducedinaSpecifiedRegion”orQWPSR.•高品质的葡萄酒产地是被指定的.•Allqualitywinesaresubjecttocontrolsontheareaofproduction,typeofgrapevarieties,permittedminimumalcoholiccontentandmethodsofviticultureandvinification.•所有高品质葡萄酒的生产和酿制过程都受到严格的监控,包括葡萄的品种,最低的酒精标准,葡萄的栽培技术和酿酒工艺,等等.Qualitygradings•Tablewine餐桌酒(a)Vindetable.Lowestcategory.最低的级别Producedanywhereinthecountry,oftenblend.Theyaresimple,everydaydrinkingwines,usuallymadeforearlyconsumption.葡萄酒和葡萄品种可以来自法国的任何地方,经常是混合型的,比较容易入口,可以每天都饮用.(b)VindepaysTablewinewithspecificregionalcharacteristics,willstatethenameoftheareaofproduction.Grapesgrowninregionbutnotnativewillbecalledvindepays.有了明确的区域性产地,但葡萄不属于这个产地的特有品种.Qualitygradings•Qualitywine高品质葡萄酒•Attheheartoftheregulationsgoverningitsproductionisthefactthatthewineinthebottlemustcomefromthegeographicalareastatedonthelabel.•瓶中的葡萄酒必须来自酒标上所标明的规定的产地.(a)VDQS—vindelimitedeQualiteSuperieureIsthelowercategoryofqualitywines.Thecontrolsonvinevarieties,yieldandwinemakingmethodsarestricterthanforvindepays.高品质葡萄酒中最低的级别,对葡萄树的种植,产量,酿酒方式的监控都要比VDP严格的多.(b)AC---Appellationd’OrigineControleeThisisthehighestcategoryofFrenchwine,andconsequently,controlsforACarethemoststringent.ManywinesoriginallygivenVDQSclassificationhavebeenpromotedtoACstatus.法国葡萄酒的最高级别,也是控制的最严得的,很多葡萄酒最初是VDQS,后来慢慢的才晋升成AC级别的.Yieldisalsocontrolledthequality！产量同时也控制着质量！BordeauxProduces•(a)Tannicredwinesneedingtimetomature.Tannicagesthewinewell.•高但宁的葡萄酒需要长时间成熟,但宁也使葡萄酒具有较好的陈年潜质.•(b)Lighterredwinesmadeforearlydrinking.•清淡一些的红葡萄酒适合早期饮用.•(c)Veryfinesweetwhitewines.•世界顶级的甜葡萄酒.•(d)Drywhitewine,mostly,thoughnotalways,fordrinkingyoung.•大多数干白葡萄酒适合年轻时饮用.BordeauxClimate•Bordeauxtendstohaveamildandhumidclimate,influencedbytheseaandrivers.•受海洋和河流的影响,波尔多倾向于温暖湿润的气候.•Bordeaux’swintersaretemperateandtherearewarm,longsummers.•波尔多的冬季不是很冷,夏季长而温暖.BordeauxSoil•Theyaremanytypesofsoilbutingeneralitisgravel,clayorsandoverasub-soiloflimestone.•多样化的土壤类型表层以沙砾,粘土和沙地为主,底层以石灰石为主.BordeauxGrapes•Theredwinesaremadeprincipallyfromthreevarietieswhichareblendedtogethertogivefinalstyle.•红葡萄酒大多是三种葡萄混合酿制的.•CabernetSauvignon(MedocandGraves)andCabernetFrancgivehightanninandaciditytothewineandanaromathatsuggestsblackcurrants.•C-S和C-F可以给葡萄酒提供较高的单宁和酸度,常带有一些黑醋栗的味道.•Merlot(St-EmilionandPomerol),higheralcohol,hasasoftertasteandlesstanninthantheCabernetgrapes.Theyareeasytodrinkwhenyoung.•M,酒精度偏高,单宁偏低,比较柔和,适合年轻时饮用.BordeauxGrapes•Thewhitewinesaremadepredominantlyfromablendoftwowhitegrapevarieties.•白葡萄酒大多是以两款白葡萄品种混合酿制的.•SauvignonBlanc,agrapegivinghighacidityandgoodfruit.•S-B带有较好的果香味道,酸度偏高.•Semillon,athinskinnedgrape,easilyattackedbynoblerot,thebasisofthesweetwines.•葡萄皮比较薄,比较容易感染贵族霉,是酿制甜酒的主要葡萄品种.TheappellationsofBordeaux•ThegeneralAppellationis:BordeauxACorBordeauxSuperieurAC(isforwinesachievingahigherdegreeofalcohol).•总的名称是:BordeauxAC或BordeauxSuperieurAC（葡萄酒达到较高的酒精度数）•MedocAC:Medocfallsintotwoparts,it’ssouthernpart,whichproduceshigherqualitywines,iscalledtheHaut-Medoc.•Medoc被分成两部分,南面的部分被称为Haut-Medoc,生产较高品质的葡萄酒.•AllMedocACandHaut-MedocACwinesarered.•Medoc和Haut-Medoc所有的AC都是红葡萄酒.TheappellationsofBordeaux•TheHaut-Medocisthedistrictfamousforitsgreat,tannic,long-livedwinesmadewithahighpercentageofCabernet.ThesewinesareusuallysoldunderthenamesoftheChateauxwherethegrapesaregrown.•Haut-Medoc以出产高品质,单宁强劲需要长时间成熟的葡萄酒而著称.主要的葡萄品种以C-S为主.酒的名字大多以城堡命名.•TheBordeauxoutstandingchateauxweredividedintofivelevelsofexcellence.Fourchateaux(withafifthaddedin1973),thegreatestofall,weregiventhedesignation“premiercru”orfirstgrowth.•波尔多的城堡在1855年时被划分成5个等级.•ManyotherverygoodwinesfromchateauxintheMedocwerelaterclassifiedascrubourgeois.Thesecanbeofexcellentquality,sometimesrivallinglessercruclassewines.•Medoc地区还有一些高品质的葡萄酒被划分到crubourgeois这个级别.这些酒的品质非常高,有时甚至可以和第一级别的葡萄酒相媲美.TheappellationsofBordeaux•TherearefourmaincommunesintheMedoc,theyare:•Medoc地区有四个主要的公社,他们是:•StEstephe,StJulien,Pauillac,Margaux•RememberthatawinedescribedsimplyasACMargauxisawineofthecommune.ThewineChateauxMargauxhowever,isasinglevineyardwinefromwithinthatcommune.ItsAppellationisalsoACMargaux.•如果酒标上标明ACMargaux,那么它的葡萄必须来自这个公社.TheappellationsofBordeaux•GravesAC:“graves”meansgravel,andthesoilhasgivenitsnametothisdistrict.Bothhaveredandwhite,oftenlabeledas“Graves”withoutanychateauxname.•土壤给了产地名称,生产红白葡萄酒,通常不标明城堡,只标明“Graves”•Northernpart---moreredwine,Pessac-Leognan.•北部的Pessac-Leognan以生产红葡萄酒为主.•Southernpart---morewhitewine,dryandintendedforearlydrinking.•南部生产适宜年轻时饮用的干白葡萄酒.TheappellationsofBordeaux•SauternesAC(Chateaud’Yquem)•TheAChereonlyforsweetwines,drywinesmustbesoldasBordeauxblanc.•本地区的AC全部是甜葡萄酒,干白只能标Bordeauxblanc.•Thebestsweetwinesaremadefromgrapesaffectedbynoblerot.Whengathered,thesegrapesyieldasmallamountofveryconcentratedjuicewithhighsugar.•本地区最好的甜葡萄酒是用感染了贵族霉的葡萄酿制成的,这样的葡萄产量较低,糖分十分集中.•Attheendofthefermentation,whentheyeastscannolongerworkbecausethealcohollevelhasbecometoohigh,thereisstillahighamountofnaturalsweetnessleftinthewine.•发酵的最后阶段,酵母无法继续工作,因为酒精杀死了酵母.但是葡萄酒中还有大量的糖分留