表语从句1.定义:用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2.关联词(1)从属连词that。在从句中不做成分。如:ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。Thereasonwasthathewaslateforschool.(2)从属连词whether,as,asif。如:1.Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。2.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题是他们是否能帮我们。注:从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句,但asif却可引导表语从句,如:Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butit’sasifitwasonlyyesterday.这都是20多年前的事了,但宛如昨天一样。Thekeyiswhetherwecansolvetheproblem.。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtorain.注:能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be,seem,look,sound等。如:Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore.他看起来还与十年前一样。造句:听起来好像有人在敲门。Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever在表语从句中做主语、宾语等。如:Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。造句:问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.我想问的是谁离开了。Myquestioniswholeft.(4)连接副词where,when,how,why。WhatIwonderiswhenheleft.我想知道他是何时离开的。Thisiswheretheyoncelived.这就是他们曾经住过的地方。Thatiswhyhedidn'tcomehereThequestionishowhedidit.(5)连词because可引导表语从句。如:Ithinkitisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.我想这是因为你做得太多。造句:这是仅仅因为他不认识她。It'sjustbecausehedoesn'tknowher.That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.那是因为他没有理解我。(That'sbecause...强调原因)That'swhyhegotangrywithme.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That'swhy...强调结果)(6)在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示,should可省略。如:Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。系动词分类:一、根据系动词后所跟结构,我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类:完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be,seem)和半系动词(其后既可跟表语作系动词用法,也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用,如look)例如:1)Helookedsadlyattheboy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)Helooksacleverboy.(“看起来”,系动词用法)2)Helooksatacleverboy.(“看着”,实义动词用法)在英语中,某一动词是多义词,既有实义动词用法,又有系动词用法。二、根据系动词的意义,我们把英语系动词分为四类:A.五大感官系动词B.状态系动词C.动态系动词D.双谓语系动词A.五大感官系动词,描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来,都是半系动词。1.look“看起来像是”,后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇,看上去若有所思。2.smell“闻起来”,后接adj.分词。Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花气味真香。3.sound“听起来”,后接adj.\分词。Themusicsoundssweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4.taste“尝起来”,后接adj.\分词。Theapplestasteverygood.这些苹果很好吃。5.Feel①“摸起来,给……感觉”;②“觉得”,后接adj./p.p.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.睡上一晚,你会觉得好些。B.状态系动词:1.be,“是”,属完全系动词。Iamastudent.我是一个学生。2.seem,“似乎,好像”,完全系动词。Theyseemquitehappy.他们似乎很快乐。3.appear,“显得,看起来好像”,半系动词。Itappeared(tobe)atruestory.看来这是一个真实的故事。4.keep,“保持……的状态”,半系动词,后接adj或介词短语。You’dbettergotobedandkeepwarm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5.remain,“仍是”,半系动词。Iremainedsilent.我仍然缄默。6.stay“保持(某种状态)”,半系动词,后接adj.、过去分词。Thewindowstayedopenallthenight.7.prove“证明是”,半系动词,后接adj.\n.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.这种疗法证明是成功的。C.动态系动词:都属于半系动词,描述状态变化过程。1.get“变成,变得……起来”,后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.白天变得越来越长了。2.fall“进入(某种状态),成为”,后常接以下形容词:asleep,lame,silent,ill,sick,flat.Theoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.那位老人说不清自己的意思,就不做声了。Myfatherfellillanddied.我的父亲生病死了。3.grow“渐渐变得……起来,长得”It’sgrowingwarm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。4.turn“转变成(新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质),变质(色)”。Mapletreesturnredinautumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。Itwascloudythismorning,butfortunatelyithasturnedfine.今天早上是阴天,幸好已经转晴了。5.go,“变成(某种坏的状态)”Thetelephonehasgonedead.电话不通了。Thematerialhasgoneafunnycolour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。go之后常接的adj.还有:bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,anger,white,pale,blue,grey.6.become“变成,成为(好坏均可的情况)”Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我开始对素描感兴趣了。Hebecameangrywithme.他对我生气了。Theybecamegoodfriends.他们成了好朋友。7.come,“变成为(已知的状态),证实为”,后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语,表示状态或情况的变化。Hiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。Ifyoulookintothematter,everythingwillcomeclear.如果你调查一下这事,一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有:apart,dear(昂贵),natural,open,short,right(好了),unstuck(没有粘住),untied(松开)。8.run,“变成”,后接adj.Thepriceranhigh.价格上升了。9.make,“达到某种状态[后接形容词],如sure,certain,merry,bold,freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我们一定要弄清事实。D.双谓语系动词此类系动词既有系动词的功能,后接表语,又保留原实义动词本身的含义。例如:Therunrosered.太阳升起红艳艳。Shestoppedandstoodquitestill.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他结婚很早。LeiFengdiedyoung.雷锋早逝。Hecontinuedsilent.他继续沉默不语。IV.系动词与高考及其练习1.系动词出现于单项选择题中①Thestorysounds_________________(MET89)A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true②Thoseorangestaste__________(MET91)A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell③---Areyoufeeling___________?---Yes,I’mfinenow/(NMET92)A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter④----CanIjointheclub,Dad.----Youcanwhenyou_________abitolder.(NMET94)A.getB.willgetC.getD.willhavegot⑤---Doyoulikethematerial?----Yes,it_______verysoft.(NMET94)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt⑥IlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.(NMET96)A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes⑦Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_______bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay⑧Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____forseveraldays.(NMET2003)A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed(以上七题答案分别如下:1.D,2.A,3.B,4.A,5.C,6.B,7.C,8.B)2.系动词与短文改错TheyeagertoknoweverythingaboutChinaandaskedmelotsofquestions.(were)I’dliketoyourpenfriend,andgettoknowmoreaboutyourcountry.(be)3.系动词巩固练习①Whatyouhavesaid_______.A.issoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestingC.soundinterestedD.listensinterested②Theclassbegins.Pleasekeep________.A.silentB.silenceC.thesilenceD.silently③Look!Severalpeopleinthecrowdseemed_______.A.tobefightingB.tohavefoughtC.beingfoughtD.hav