1直接引语变间接引语的用法Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.(直接引语,即直接用“”把说话者所说的话引用)Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.(间接引语,即通过说话人与听话人之外的人称也就是第三人称转述成一个宾语从句)一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。Hesaidtome.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.(Hesaid.为主句,he为主句的主语;me为主句的宾语,Mybrotherwantstogowithme.为直接引语,将要变成间接引语即宾语从句)“一随主”是指在直接引语中有第一人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时,变成间接引语要变成与主句中主语的人称相应的代词。如:Hesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.→Hesaidhisbrotherwantedtogowithhim.说明:my是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词,所以变成间接引语要变成与主句hesaid中的主语he相一致的形容词性物主代词,即his;me是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格,所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句hesaid中的主语he一致的人称代词宾格,即him“二随宾”是指直接引语中有第二人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时,变成间接引语要变成与主句中宾语的人称相应的代词。如:HesaystoKate.Iamyoursister?→HetellsKateheishersister。说明:I是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词主格,所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句hesaystoKate中的主语he相一致的人称代词主格,即he;your是直接引语中的二人称单数的形容词性物主代词,所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句hesaystoKate中宾语Kate一致的形容词性物主代词,即her.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语中的三人称的代词变成间接引语时不需要改变人称。如:Mr.Smithsaid:Jackisagoodworker。→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。直接引语中的人称间接引语中的人称备注一人称与主句部分主语一致的代词二人称与主句部分宾语一致的代词三人称不变化、不更新2(Jack是三人称,变成间接引语时依然是Jack。)二、如何变时态:1、当主句为一般现在时,直接引语变成间接引语的时态不变,依然用直接引语的时态。如:Lilysaystous,“IwillgotoAmericawithyou→LilytellsusthatshewillgotoAmericawithus.2、当主句为一般过去时,直接引语变成间接引语的时态要做相应的调整,用成相应的过去时态。如:1)Shesaid.Ihavelostapen.→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid.Wehopeso.→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid.Hewillgotoseehisfriend。→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。①直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:Jacksaid.“John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:XiaoWangsaid.IwasbornonApril20,1980→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。④直接引语是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。Hesaid,Igetupatsixeverymorning。→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could,should,would,might)不再变。如:直接引语的时态间接引语的时态备注一般现在时一般过去时重点学一般将来时过去将来时重点学现在进行时过去进行时重点学现在完成时过去完成时重点学一般过去时过去完成时重点学现在进行时过去进行时必学3Petersaid.Youhadbettercomehavetoday。→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、如何变状语:直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规则,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this改为that),如:Hesaid,Thesebooksaremine.→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.四、如何变句型(语序):①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.→Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.②一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。Shesaid,Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven‘tyou?mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。Iaskedhim,Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)todosth.句型。如:Don’tmakeanynoise,shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.Bringmeacupoftea,please,saidshe.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.4⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动句词(或从句)。”如:Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.⑥直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语。例如:Johnsaid,I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.约翰说:我要和父亲到伦敦去。(引号内是直接引语)JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)[注意](1)有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。例如:Hesaid,Let’sgotothetheatre.→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?heasked.→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.Shallwelistentothemusic?heasked.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.五、如何变时间状语和地点状语:.一般地应作相应的变化。指示代词:this---thatthese---those表示时间的词:now---thentoday---thatdaythisweek(month,etc)----thatweek(month,etc)yesterday----thedaybeforelastweek(month)---theweek(month)before5threedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)beforetomorrow----thenext(following)daynextweek(month)--thenext(following)week(month)表地点的词:here--there六、如何变动词:动词bring--takecome–goExerciseone()1)Iaskedhimhowmuch__________.A)doeshisnewcarcostB)didhisnewcarcostC)hisnewcarcostedD)hisnewcarcost()2)Doyouknow____________.A)whathe’slookingforB)whatishelookingforC)whatdoeshelookforD)hisislookingfor()3)I’mnotsure__________.A)whatishisname.B)whathisnameis.C)hisnameiswhatD)what’shisname()4)Idon’tknow_________.A)wheredoesheliveB)wheredidheliveC)wherehelivesD)heliveswhere()5)Ididn’tknow______________.A)whatshesaidB)whatdidshesayC)whatshespokeD)whatwasshespeaking()6)Idon’tknow__________.A)whenhewillcomebackB)whenwillhecomebackC)whendoeshecomebackD)whendidhecomeback()7)Couldyoutellmewhere________now