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中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见参考译文OpinionsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheStateCouncilonDeepeningtheHealthCareSystemReformInthespiritofthe17thCPCNationalCongress,forthepurposeofestablishingahealthcaresystemwithChinesecharacteristics,ofgraduallyrealizingthegoalthateveryoneisentitledtobasichealthcareservices,andofraisingthehealthleveloftheChinesepeople,weherebyputforwardthefollowingopinionsondeepeningthehealthcaresystemreform.I.Fullyrecognizingtheimportance,urgencyandarduousnessofdeepeningthehealthcaresystemreformThehealthcaresectorisamajorlivelihoodissue,asitiscloselyrelatedtothehealthofbillionsofpeopleandthehappinessofeveryhousehold.Todeepenthehealthcaresystemreform,quickenthedevelopmentofhealthcaresector,meetthepeople’severincreasinghealthcaredemands,andcontinuouslyimprovethepeople’shealthisaninevitablerequirementofimplementingtheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentandacceleratingeconomicandsocialdevelopmentinacoordinatedandsustainablemanner,animportantmeasuretomaintainsocialfairnessandjusticeandimprovethequalityofpeople’slife,andalsoamajortaskofbuildingmoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundwayandconstructingharmonioussocialistsociety.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,andsincethebeginningofthereformandopening-upinparticular,China’shealthcaresectorhasmaderemarkableachievements.Ahealthservicesystemcoveringbothurbanandruralresidentshasbasicallycomeintobeing;thediseasepreventionandtreatmentcapacityhasbeencontinuouslystrengthened;thepopulationcoveredbyhealthcarehasgraduallyexpanded;healthscienceandtechnologylevelhasrapidlyrisen;thepeople’shealthlevelhasbeenmarkedlyimproved;andthemajorresidenthealthindexesnowrankamongthehighestinthedevelopingcountries.SincethemajorvictorywonincombatingSARSinparticular,governmentsatvariouslevelshaveincreasedtheirinvestment,thedevelopmentofpublichealth,ruralhealthcareandurbancommunityhealthcarehasbeenaccelerated,andtheNewRuralCooperativeMedicalSchemeandthebasicmedicalinsurancesystemforurbanresidentshavemadebreakthroughs,allofwhichhavelaidasolidfoundationfordeepeningthehealthcaresystemreform.Atthesametime,however,wemustbeawarethatthereisstillaratherprominentcontradictionbetweenthecurrentdevelopmentlevelofChina’shealthcaresectorandthepeople’shealthdemandsandtherequirementsofbalancedsocio-economicdevelopment.Healthcareundertakingsaredevelopingunevenlybetweenurbanandruralareasandamongdifferentregions;resourceallocationisunreasonable;theworkofpublichealthaswellasruralandcommunityhealthcareiscomparativelyweak;themedicalinsurancesystemisincomplete;pharmaceuticalproductionandcirculationorderisnotwellregulated;thehospitalmanagerialsystemandoperationalmechanismareimperfect;governmentinvestmentinhealthisinsufficient;medicalcostsaresoaring,individualburdenistooheavy,andtherefore,thepeople’sreactionisverystrong.Featuringarduoushealthcaretasks,theperiodfromnowto2020iscrucialforChinatobuildmoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundway.Alongwitheconomicdevelopmentandimprovementofpeople’slivingstandards,thepeoplewillmakehigherdemandsonbetteringhealthcareservices.Industrialization,urbanization,populationaging,diseasespectrumchange,eco-environmentalchangeandotherfactorsposeaseriesofnewandseriouschallengestothehealthcarework.Todeepenthehealthcaresystemreformisastrategicchoicetoacceleratethedevelopmentofhealthcareundertakings,animportantchanneltorealizethegoalofenablingpeopletosharetheachievementsofreformanddevelopment,andanurgentaspirationofthebroadmassesofthepeople.Deepeningthehealthcaresystemreformisadifficultsocialsystemicprojectinvolvingbroadaspects.Chinahasalargepopulation,lowpercapitaincome,significanturban-ruralandregionaldisparities,andwillbeattheprimarystageofsocialismforalongperiodoftime.Thesebasicnationalconditionsdeterminethatthetaskofdeepeningthehealthcaresystemreformisextremelycomplicatedandarduous,andthatitwillbeagradualprocess.Therefore,onlythroughlongandarduousendeavorsandperseverantexplorationsonthebasisofspecifieddirectionsandframeworkcanweprogressivelyestablishahealthcaresysteminlinewiththecountry’sactualnationalconditions.Toensurethereformproceedsmoothlyandreachtheexpectedgoals,notonlythereformshouldbepushedforwardwithfirmdetermination,butalsotheworkbewellorganizedandsteadilyimplemented.II.Theguidelines,basicprinciplesandoverallgoalofdeepeningthehealthcaresystemreform(i)TheguidelinesfordeepeningthehealthcaresystemreformItshouldbeguidedbytheimportantthoughtsofDengXiaopingtheoryandThreeRepresents;itshouldimplementindepththeScientificOutlookonDevelopment;itshouldproceedfromChina’snationalconditions,anddrawontheusefulinternationalexperience;itshouldaimatachievingthegoalofensuringbasichealthcareservicesforeveryone,andemphaticallyaddresstheproblemsconcerningthemostdirectandrealinterestsofthepeopleortheonesthatthepeoplearemostconcernedabout.Itshouldadheretothecommonwealnatureofpublichealthcare;itshouldadheretothepolicyofregardingpreventionasthemaintaskandtheruralareasasthefocalpoint,andoflayingequalstressontraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)andwesternmedicine;itshouldimplementseparationbet