07年高考阅读简答题的解读

07年高考阅读简答题的解读1.词汇衔接是为了使语篇语义连贯：复现关系和同现关系1)复现关系的表现形式：原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词2)同现关系：词汇共同出现的倾向性。2.根据上下文猜测词义几种猜测词义的常用方法：1、利用构词法猜测词义2、根据信号词猜测词义3、利用常识来猜测词义3.文章的主旨和大意---主题或题目的表达：4.例题分析：Giantstormwaveshavesohittheplace---oncewellbufferedbyseaice---thatvillagersvotedin2002toleavetheirancestralhomeforthemainland.BeforetemperaturesbegantoriseinShishmarefabout30yearsago,20to30milesofhardseaiceprotectedthevillagefrompowerfulfallstorms.07年样题中的语境比较：1.词汇衔接是为了使语篇语义连贯：复现关系和同现关系。1)复现关系表现形式：原词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、概括词①原词复现：Thehistoryofplasticsislongerthanyoumightthink.Infactthatthefirstman-madeplasticsevertoappearonthemarketwasmade300yearsago.②同义词、近义词复现：Hegotalotofpresentsfromhisfriendsandfamily.Allofthegiftswerewrappedincoloredpaper.GradesarethefirstconcernofmostChineseseniorhighschoolstudents.Theyworkhardtogethighmarks.Everythingfadedinmist.Thepastwaserased,theerasurewasforgotten,andtheliebecametrue.③上义词和下义词复现：animal是sheep,cow,wolf,tiger的上义词dog,cat,horse,fox是animal的下义词。YesterdayapigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.Youwillneedtotaketoolswithyou.Youcangetasaw,ascrewdriverandahammerfrommostbigdepartmentstores.④概括词复现：people,man,woman,place,do,make,etc.CanyoutellmewheretostayinGeneva?I’vebeentotheplace.A:WhatshallIdowithallthiscrockery?B:Leavethestuffthere;someonewillputitaway.2）同现关系：词汇共同出现的倾向性。Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduates,continuetheireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniversitiesinthecountry.After4years,theyreceiveabachelor’sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster’sdegreeandperhapsadoctor’sdegree.Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduates,continuetheireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniversitiesinthecountry.After4years,theyreceiveabachelor’sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster’sdegreeandperhapsadoctor’sdegree.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears---sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“Thatwasbeforetheeuro,soweputpesetasin.Ifindacoinintheroad,gotogetitandgetrunover…“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears---sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“Thatwasbeforetheeuro,soweputpesetasin.Ifindacoinintheroad,gotogetitandgetrunover…Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription.Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine.Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded.Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell.Insuchcases,thedoctormayprescribeaplacebo.Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription.Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine.Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded.Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell.Insuchcases,thedoctormayprescribeaplacebo.Aplaceboisasugarpill,aharmlessshot,oranemptycapsule.Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell.Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbegintogetbetter.Howdoesthishappen?Aplaceboisasugarpill,aharmlessshot,oranemptycapsule.Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell.Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbegintogetbetter.Howdoesthishappen?2.根据上下文猜测词义几种猜测词义的常用方法：2、根据信号词猜测词义定义信号词：be,mean,becalled,benamed,referto,bedefined,bedescribed,etc.Anunreasonableandlastingfearofsomethingiscalledphobia.Anunreasonableandlastingfearofsomethingiscalledphobia.1、利用构词法猜测词义举例信号词：forexample,forinstance,such,suchas,like,especially,including,etc.Atthepartywewereofferedvariousbeveragesincludinghottea,coffee,wine,beer,lemonjuice,mineralwater,andsoon.Extractiveindustries,suchasminingandlumbering,useupnaturalresources.重复信号词：similarly,thatis,equally,inalikemanner,inthesameway,likewise,inotherwords,like,toputitmoresimply,thatistosay,toputitanotherway,itwouldbebettertosay,etc.Theyseemtohaveproblemswithdirectionality.Inotherwords,theygotlost.Maryisbilingual,thatistosay,shecanspeakbothEnglishandFrench.因果关系信号词：because,since,for,dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof,as,etc.sotherefore,asaresult,consequently,accordingly,etc.leadto,cause,resultin,resultfrom,contributetoAftertherentincreased,herefusedtopayit.Consequently,hewasexpelledbythelandlord.Whenmakingthismixture,youdon’tneedtwoteaspoonfulofsalt,becauseoneteaspoonfulissufficient.对比信号词：although,eventhough,nevertheless,still,but,bycontrast,onthecontrary,yet,however,ontheotherhand,whereas,intheend,infact,inspiteof,unlike,instead,etc.Hethoughtitwasquiteunfairtohim.Hewasuptotheeyesinhiswork,whileothersinhisofficechattedwitheachotherhavingnothingtodo.Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeperson,Adamsisquiteill-favored.3.利用常识来猜测词义EventhegiftedteacherhaddifficultymakingcleartothesecondaryschoolclassessuchanabstrusesubjectasEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.3.文章的主旨和大意主题或题目的表达：通常是一个词或者词组：HumorGreatWomenScientistsatWorkAWorldofFunPassage374.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthisreadingpassage?(回答词数不超过4个)___________________BankRobbery/AFoolishBankRobber4.例题分析：例题分析：Passage1paragraph3Besides,thethreedaysoffgivesusachancetogointothewoodsandfindmorecritters.Weneverbuyouranimals;wealwaystrytocollectthemfromthewild.Passage2Paragraph1Aworkteamconsistingof150volunteersworkedforeighthoursinalightdrizzleonSaturdayto