课用主语和表语从句Great

GrammarMembersoftheSentence主语：Subject谓语：Predicate表语：Predicative宾语：Object宾补：ObjectComplement定语：Attributive同位语：Appositive状语：Adverbial简单回顾：复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能单独成句。但它也有主语和谓语，一般由连接词引导。复合句：EnglishComplexSentencesAdverbialClauses(状语从句）AttributiveClauses（形容词性/定语从句）NounClauses（名词性从句）复合句分类：NounClausesSubject（主语）Object（宾语）Predicative（表语）Appositive（同位语）Clause（从句）名词性从句分类：定义:在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。作用:在复合句中作主语、表语、宾语和同位语。所以，名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句SubjectClauses主语从句(一)主语从句：句子的主语是由句子来充当的。主语从句一般位于句首。他要来参加会议使我们很兴奋。Thathewillcometoattendthemeetingtomorrowmakesusexcited.主语谓语主语从句概念Examples:1)Thathewillsucceediscertain.2)Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.（是否）3)Howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting.(二)主语从句的使用1.我们所需要的是水。2.我们所需要的是有用的书。Whatweneediswater.Whatweneedareusefulbooks.一:主语为从句时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式;但如果what引导的从句做主语代表复数概念(常可以从表语上看出)时,谓语动词则常用复数形式。重难考点•连接词“三姐妹”•语序问题很注意•thatwhat要分清•如何后置it帮忙ConjunctionsofSubjectClauses:连词连接代词连接副词what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),whose,which(ever)that,whetherwhen,where,how,why,（状语）连接词“三姐妹”1．引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1)连词that、whether：Whetherhe’llcomehereisn’tclear.Thathewillsucceediscertain.WhetherIcanpassthedrivingtestremainsunknown.连词that和whether在主语从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，that无词意，而whether意为“是否”。Whatshedidisnotyetknown.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whateverhedidisright.Whatcausedtheaccidentremainsunknown.注：连接代词和连接副词在主语从句中作成分，有词义，起连接作用。(2)连接代词who(谁，主格),whom(谁，宾格),whose(谁的，定语),what(什么，主宾语),which(哪个),whoever,whatever,whichever等3)连接副词where(在哪里),when(什么时候),how(怎样，怎么，多么),why(为什么)等。Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Howthepyramidswerebuiltisstillamystery.1.________themanImetyesterdayinthehospitalwasJim’sunclewasstillunknown.2.______sheoftenasksmeforhelpistrue.3._______youneedismorepractice.4._______shehadgoneisnotknownyet.5._______hediditisn’tquiteclear.6._______hedidtheDJperformancewithhisdeafearisunknowntous.7.______astonishedmemostwas_____shedidn’tevenknowJ.K.Rowling.WhetherThatWhatthatWhereWhy/whenHowWhat2.主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.2.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--3.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而that则不然,即不担任成分。例如：Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisawonder.1．Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturnedgrey.A.whatB.thatC.ifD.for2．_____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3．_____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.A.What/whatB.What/thatC.That/thatD.That/what4．_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where5．Acomputercanonlydo_____you’veinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.when用主语从句完成句子1._____________________(她赢了这场比赛)madeusveryhappy.2.________________(所需要的)iscarefulpreparation.3.__________________________(她是否来)doesn’tmattertoomuch.4.Thathewillsucceediscertain.(用it句型改写)______________________________________5.Whyhedidthisisnotknown.(用it句型改写)______________________________________ThatshewonthegameWhatisneededWhethersheiscomingornotItiscertainthathewillsucceed.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.PredicativeClauses表语从句1.如何判断表语：位于连系动词am,is,are,was,were,seem,look,taste,remain后的就是表语。。2.表语从句：在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样。3.基本结构为:主语+系动词+that从句。That’swhatweshoulddo.That’swhyIwanttoseeyou.表语从句的用法Examples1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshetoldmethismorning.连接词：that/whether/as/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because注：主语从句的连接词都可用于表语从句3.连接词Examples1.Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.2.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.3.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.4.That’swhyIwaslate.5.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.6.Thatwaswhatshetoldmethismorning.1.because和why引导的表语从句1）That’sbecause…和That’swhy…均是表语从句，区别在于“That‘sbecause…”指原因或理由，“That’swhy”则指由于各种原因所造成的结果。Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.That’sbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.Hehadseenthefilmbefore.That’swhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.注意2）Whatkilledhimintheaccidentwas_____hewastoocareless.Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．注意：what引导