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Unit4AViewofMountainsJonathanSchell•BackgroundInformation•AbouttheAuthor•Pre-readingDiscussion•StructuralAnalysisQuestionsforFurtherComprehension•WritingSkillsTeachingObjectivesPre-readingDiscussion2.Whatdoyouknowaboutnuclearweapons?What’syourattitudetowardsnuclearweapons?1.Whatdoyouthinkisthegreatestthreattotheexistenceofmankind?Whatcanwedowithit?•TheEffectsofNuclearWeapons•bothimmediateanddelayeddestructiveeffects•blast,thermalradiation,andpromptionizingradiation•radioactivefalloutandotherenvironmentaleffectsBackgroundInformation•1.AboutWorldWarII•Timefrom1939to1945•TwoOpposingPartiesTheAlliesTheAxisDeathTollOver70millionfatalities•2.Aboutthenuclearattacks•TimeonAugust6and9,1945•PlaceHiroshima&NagasakiDeathTollHiroshima88thousandimmediatedeath---340thousandNagasaki149thousand-240thousand•attheexecutiveorderofU.S.PresidentTruman•thenuclearweaponLittleBoywasdroppedonHiroshima•theFatMannuclearbombwasdroppedoverNagasaki.•killed140,000peopleinHiroshimaand80,000inNagasakibytheendof1945•15to20%diedfrominjuriesorillnessattributedtoradiationpoisoning•morehavediedfromleukemiaandcancers•theoverwhelmingmajorityofthedeadwerecivilians.•onAugust15,JapanannounceditssurrendertotheAlliedPowers•onSeptember2,JapansignedtheInstrumentofSurrender•JapanadoptedThreeNon-NuclearPrinciples,whichforbidsthatnationfromnucleararmamentApostwarLittleBoymodelApost-warFatManmodelThemushroomcloudoverHiroshimaafterthedroppingofLittleBoyTheFatManmushroomcloudAboutJonathanEdwardSchell•JonathanEdwardSchell(born1943)•aprogressiveauthorandprofessor•TheVillageofBenSuc(1967),TheMilitaryHalf(1968),TheRealWar(1988),TheGiftofTime:TheCaseforAbolishingNuclearWeaponsNow(1998),TheUnconquerableWorld(2003),andTheSeventhDecade:TheNewShapeofNuclearDanger(2007).•aDistinguishedFellowattheYaleCenterfortheStudyofGlobalization.•Inthe1980s•aseriesofarticlesintheTheNewYorker•raisepublicawarenessaboutthedangersofthenucleararmsrace•apersistentadvocatefordisarmament,andaworldfreeofnuclearweapons.AViewofMountainsFirstReading•Readthroughthepassageandfindouttheauthor’spurposeofwriting.•A.TorevealhowYamahata’spictureseffectivelyshowthecatastrophicconsequencesofthenuclearbombing.•B.TohighlightthenuclearthreatandcallonpeopletoridtheEarthofnuclearweaponryforasaferworld.•CToarguethatthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearthreatthanthatofHiroshima.BSecondReading•Para1Detaileddescriptionofthescene•Para2Nagasaki,fittersymbolofthenucleardanger•Para3Actionmoreimportant•Para4Performingtheactthegreatestresponsibilityofthegeneration•Partone(Para.1)•Presentthemainpointofhisargument•PartTwo(Paras.2-3)•ThebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenucleardangermenacingtheworldandactioniscalledfortodispelnuclearweapons•PartThree(Para.4)•CallonustotaketheresponsibilityofcreatingasaferworldfornewgenerationsStructuralAnalysis•1.Whatdoesthesentence“thephotographsdisplaythefateofasinglecity,buttheirmeaningisuniversal”imply?•2.DoyouagreewiththeauthorwhenhesaysthebombingofNagasakiisthefittersymbolofthenuclearperil?Whyorwhynot?Questions•3.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“althougheveryintactcityisdifferentfromeveryother,allcitiesthatsuffernucleardestructionwilllookmuchthesame”?•Writingtechniqueemployedbytheauthor•DescriptioninplainEnglish•Frequentuseofcontrast•Dispatch:v.sendofftoadestination•E.g.Amessengerwasdispatchedtotakethenewstothesoldiersatthefront.•n.a.anofficialreport•WemustasksomeonetocarryadispatchfromRometoLondon.•b.reports•Londonnewspapersreceivedispatchesfromallpartsoftheworld.TextExplanationsHiroshima,intheaftermathofthebombing日本广岛和平纪念公园日本长崎和平纪念公园•Whatshouldwedoinadditiontoapprehendingthenuclearperil?•Whatshouldwedotoensureasaferworldforthefuturegenerations?•constitute:•E.g.Twelvemonthsconstituteayear.•Thismoveconstitutesanactofaggression.•Acommitteewasconstitutedtoinvestigateintothataffair.•Thestrikersconstitutedhimtheirspokesman.•Inhighereducation,collegesanduniversitiesconstituteoneleg,whilework-studyuniversitiesandspare-timeuniversitiesconstitutetheother.•Brandv.labelormarkwithorasifwithabrand；n.•Whatisyourfavoritebrandofcigarettes?•Thesecattlehavemybrandonthem.•Wehavebrandedourcattle.•Thepressbrandedhim(as)aliar.•TheUSadministrationrecentlybrandedhimasawarcriminal.•unearthly:超自然的，怪异的；（口语）（时刻等）异常的，不合情理的•hecouldheartheunearthlyscreamofsomecurlewpiercingthedin(嘈杂声).•Whoiscallingmeatthisunearthlyhour?•Ifwearetocatchthe7:15trainweshallhavetohavebreakfastatanunearthlyhour.•escape•Thefoxescapedthehunter.•Makeaholeandletthewaterescape.•Ireadlovestoriesasanescapefromreality.•Forgood(andall):forever•E.g.Thetheatercloseddownforgood.•Heleftthecountryforgood(andall).•Dot:coverorsprinklewithorasifwithdots•E.g.Thecountryisdottedwithbeautifulancientchurches.•Wehaveofficesdottedallovertheregion.•Theskywasdottedwithstars.•Crossthet’sanddotthei’s.•一丝不苟。•Liein:•Thetimehadcomeforhertoliein.•Heliesinbedallday.•Thehouseliesinalittlevalleybehindthetrees.•Alltheirhopeslieinhim.•Thetroubleliesintheengine.•ItwasthereforelefttoYamahatatorecord,…theeffects…(paragraph1)•Theresponsibilitywasthereforeplaced