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1.abstractadj.抽象的;深奥的n.摘要Herideasseemalittleabstract.她的思想有点儿让人费解。Astronomyisanabstractsubject.adj.天文学是一门深奥的学科。Tomakeanabstractofaspeechn.将演说作一摘要intheabstract就一般而言，理论上来讲abstractsthfromsth从某物中提炼出某物v.我们将从理论上来考虑这个问题。Wewillconsiderthisproblem_______________.将一本书做成一个摘要。Make__________ofabook.橡胶是从树木提取的。Rubberis_________fromtrees.intheabstractanabstractabstracted2.WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome?(1).wouldratherdo胖孩子宁愿躺在沙发上看电视，而不干家务活。FatchildrenwouldratherlieonsofawatchingTVthandoalittlehousework.(2).wouldrather+sbdidsth/sbhaddonesth你学习那么不用功，我宁愿你在家种庄稼。Youdidn’tworkhard,Iwouldratheryou_____________________________hadgrowncropsathome3.Artisinfluencedbythecustomsandfaithofapeople.faithn.信任,信仰(1).I___________________him.我信守了对他的诺言。(2).Hewho______________,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。(3).I___________you–--Iknowyou’lldoall.我对你有信心。keptfaithwithlosesfaithhavefaithinhave/losefaithin（不）相信,（不）信任keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信ingoodfaith老实地；诚恳地faithfuladj.忠诚的，可靠的befaithfultosb./sth.4.Consequently,thistextwilldescribeonlythemostimportantones,startingfromthesixthcenturyAD.Thebankrefusedtohelpthecompany;consequently,itwentbankrupt.Sheoversleptand,consequently,shewaslate.consequently=asaresult,therefore因此Itrainedthatdayand___thebaseballgamewascalledoff.A.howeverB.stillC.soD.consequentlyAsaresultofhermother’sillness,sheleftschool.Hermotherbecameill;____________sheleftschool.consequently5.DuringtheMiddleAges,themainaimofpainterswastorepresentreligiousthemes.n.目标,目的(purpose)v.（常与at连用）瞄准；对准(2).他用枪瞄准了杀父仇人。Heaimedthegunatthepersonwhokilledhisfather.sth.beaimedat旨在;目的在于;针对(3).Youshould________________________以…为目标(1).Whatisyouraiminlife?aimatdoingyourjobwell.(4).Heaimedtoswimamile.他的目标是游一英里。aimtodosth.目的是干某事withtheaimof有…的目的withoutaim无目的的,胡乱地adj.aimless无目的,无目标的6.Aconventionalartistofthisperiodwasnotinterestedinshowingnature…adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的;受俗套束缚的，按习惯办事的，陈旧的,形式上的conventionalweaponsaconventionaldesignconventionalopinions(1).Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.主席说了几句客套话。常规武器传统图案旧观念7.Atypicalpictureatthistimewasfullofreligioussymbols,…typicaladj.典型的；代表性的；象征性的representativeadj./n.atypicalcharacteratypicalexample(1).ItistypicalofHuangXiaomingtobesocool.装酷是黄晓明的特点。betypicalof特有的，具有…特征的典型人物典型事例8.Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcentury...adj.evident明白的,明显的apparent/obvious/clear/overtn.evidence证据;证明(1).Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。(2).__________________youaretired.显然你累了。It'sevidentthat9.Peoplebegantoconcentratelessonreligiousthemesandadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.1)concentrateon(upon)集中在；专心于concentrateone'sattentionon[upon]Iconcentrateonthelecture.我专心听讲。2)adoptanidea/anewtechnique.采纳意见;采用新技术adoptachild(as)收为养子3).adaptto适应10.Theypaidfamousartiststopaint…theirhousesandotherpossessions…(1).possessionn.拥有,占有,所有,领土,领地,财产(常用复数)①.Heisinpossessionofthehouse.他拥有这套房子。Thehouseisinthepossessionofhim.这套房子在他的占有之下。②.takepossessionofHewantedtotakepossessionofthehouse.(2).possessv.11.Whenpeoplefirstsawhispaintings,theywereconvincedthattheywerelookingthroughaholeinawallatarealscene.人们初次看到他的作品，认为是通过在墙上的一个小孔看到了真实的场景。convincevt.使确信说服convincesb.ofsthconvincesb.todosth.beconvincedofsthconvincesbthat我们说服她搭火车去。We___________her______bytrain.她试图使我们相信她的清白。Shetriedto________________herinnocence.我坚信她是清白无辜的.convincedtogoconvinceusof他劝我应该学法律。HeconvincedmethatIshouldstudylaw.Everyonewasconvincedbyhiswords.12.Bycoincidence,oilpaintswerealsodevelopedatthistime…bycoincidence碰巧,由于巧合Justbycoincidence,Imetmyoldschool-mateagainfiftyyearslater碰巧，50年后我遇到一位老校友。Whatacoincidence！Whatacoincidencetomeetyouhere.多么凑巧的事情啊！真巧在这儿碰到你。13.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时期著名的杰作。这里有without引导的介词短语是一个暗含的非真实条件，主句用虚拟语气wewouldnotbeabletosee。类似的用法有：Withoutyourhelp,hewouldnotpassthetest.没有你的帮助，他就不能通过这次测试。14.Inthelate19th,Europechangedagreatdeal,…agreatdeal,agooddeal用作n./adv.大量的;….得多-Helearnedagreatdealfromthebook.(n.)-Sheisagreatdealbettertoday.(adv.)-Shehasagreatdealofexperience.1)昨天晚上他吃了很多。___________________________________2)他跑得比我快得多。_______________________________agreat/gooddealof为形容词,只接不可数名词3)那个项目花费了大量金钱。________________________________theproject.Heateagreatdealforsupperyesterday.Heranagreatdealfasterthanme.Agreatdealofmoneywasspenton修饰可数名词:修饰不可数名词:manyfew/afewagood/greatmanyalarge/great/big/smallnumberofmanya+单数名词(谓语动词用单数)morethanone+单数名词(谓语动词用单数)muchlittle/alittleagood/greatdealofalargeamountof(谓语动词用单数)largeamountsof(谓语动词用复数)修饰可数和不可数名词:alotof/lotsofplentyofalargequantityof(谓语动词用单数)largequantitiesof(谓语动词用复数)15.Amongthepainterswhobrokeawayfromthetraditionalstyleofpainting…breakawayfrom…逃走；逃脱,革除(习惯等)(1).Youmustbreakawayfromsuchbadhabits.你必须革除这样的坏习惯。(2).Breakawayfromtheenemyjail.从敌人的监狱逃路。16.shadow--shadeAsthesunset,thebecamelonger.Underthefloodlight,eachplayerinthefootballmatchhasfour.Let’sfindsomeandtakearest.shadowshadowsshade影子阴凉处inone’sshadow在……的庇护下in/undertheshadowofsth.在……的阴影下castashadowover/on在……上投下阴影17.therearescoresofmodernartst