HPUX系统备份及恢复策略

ChinaTCOinternaluseHP-UX系统备份及恢复策略ChinaTCOinternaluse用户利益最大程度减小数据恢复给业务带来的影响;使您的备份与恢复策略更为有效;减少您听到“我们恢复不了您的数据”的机会;提供改进您的备份与恢复流程的建议;图形表达备份与恢复流程;ChinaTCOinternaluse备份数据策略恢复数据策略灾难恢复流程故障报警备份系统高可用性数据库联机备份备份管理制定完善的备份管理流程ChinaTCOinternaluse数据备份的忠告1.选用适当的备份设备和备份软件2.尽可能使用多于一个的物理设备3.经常有规律的作备份4.至少保存两份最新的备份5.定义备份进度：方式、频率、时序和保管6.备份权限的设定7.备份步骤信息的记录8.定时清洁和维护设备9.数据恢复和故障预演ChinaTCOinternaluse映像备份备份整个磁盘作为一个映像限制：恢复时要求作为一个映像，不可依据文件类型限制卷的大小适合灾难恢复基于文件的备份逐个文件的备份支持各种备份方式1.全备分2.增量备份3.差分备份备份和恢复的灵活性更慢，独立于文件存取的速度数据备份的类型ChinaTCOinternaluselevel0全备份Fullbackuplevel2差分备份Differentialbackuplevel1增量备份Incrementalbackup备份方式ChinaTCOinternaluse恢复过程仅需一盘磁盘tape1+xtapetape1+(x-1)tapeslevel0全备份Fullbackuplevel2差分备份Differentialbackuplevel1增量备份IncrementalbackupChinaTCOinternaluseBackupandRecoveryProcedures1.拜访用户2.现状分析3.制定策略4.用户确认开始结束ChinaTCOinternaluseStep1拜访用户对备份技术进行讲解,主要介绍备份与恢复的重要性和必要性,以及备份与恢复的内容,方法和策略。BackupandRecoveryProcedures1ChinaTCOinternaluseObjectivesofBackup/RecoveryScopeofBackup/RecoveryTypeofBackupSolutionSystemBackup/RecoveryUtilitiesSystemRecoveryToolsTypicalSystemBackupSolutionBackupWindowBackupandRecoveryonHP-UXSystemWhyBackup?Hardware(Disk)FailureDatabase/ApplicationCorruptionAdministratorErrorUserErrorSiteDisaster“Therearetwotypeofcomputerusers,thosethathavelostdataandthosethatwill”Whatshouldbebackedup?OperatingSystemfilesandconfigurationDisklayoutinformationUserprofilesandhomedirectoriesApplicationanddatabasebinariesandfilesThedatafromtheapplicationThedataincludes:TypeofBackupSolutionOS/DatabaseBackupIncremental/FullBackupOnline/OfflineBackupLocal/NetworkBackupChinaTCOinternaluseSystemBackup/RecoveryUtilitiesStandardUNIXUtilitiestar,cpio,dump/restore,vxdump/vxrestore,dd,mtHP-UXUtilites(HP_UXonly)fbackup/frecoverSAMUtilitiesCOPYUTILmake_recoveryChinaTCOinternalusebackuputilitiesintroducefbackupRecommendedsystembackuputility.Foreachfiletransferred,thefile’scontentsandallrelevantinformationnecessarytorestoreittoanequivalentstatearecopiedtooutputdevice,whichcanberawmagnetictapedrive,thestandardoutput,DDS-formattape,rewritablemagneto-opticaldiskorafile.frecoverReadsmediawrittenbyfbackup,andcopiesspecifiedfilesfromthismediatospecifiedlocation.fbackupandfrecoverareproprietaryutilitiesusableonlyonHP-UXsystems.SAMusesfbackupandfrecoverasitsbackupprograms.tarSavesandrestoresfilesonmagnetictape,flexibledisk,orregularfile.cpioSavesandrestoresarchivesoffilesonmagnetictape,otherdevices,oraregularfile,andcopiesfilesfromonedirectorytoanotherwhilereplicatingthedirectorytreestructure.ddAll-purposeutilitythatcopiesto/fromrawdevices.Dataconversionispossible.Itisoftenusedtosaveorrestoreinformationdisk-to-disk.Copiesspecifiedinputfiletospecifiedoutput;usually,bothinputandoutputfilesaredevicefiles.ChinaTCOinternalusetar---tapearchiveBackupadirectory:#cd/data#tarcvf/dev/rmt/0m.Restoreallfilesfromatape:#cd/datatarxvf/dev/rmt/0mRestoreonefilefromatape:#cd/data#tarxvf/dev/rmt/0m./file1.txtCreateaindexofthefilelistonthetape:#tartvf/dev/rmt/0m/tmp/index.txt/data/dataChinaTCOinternalusetarsyntax$tarkey[arg...][file|-Cdirectory]Keys:cxvfmutrwhCommonkeys:cCreatearchive.xExtractarchive.tListnamesofallfilesinarchive.rAppendfile(s)toendofexistingarchive.If-Cdirectoryisspecified,tarwillchangetodirectoryandcontinuesaveorrestore.ChinaTCOinternaluse对系统全备份#tarcvf/dev/rmt/0m/备份某目录#tarcvf/dev/rmt/0m/tmp改变文件的备份路径#tarcvf/dev/rmt/0m-C/tmp.[Note]:路径/tmp在磁带上的备份路径变为./#cd/tmp#tarcvf/dev/rmt/0m./*恢复数据#tarxvf/dev/rmt/0m(磁带上所有数据)#tarxvf/dev/rmt/0m/tmp(恢复目录/tmp)查看磁带上的数据#tartvf/dev/rmt/0mtar命令应用ChinaTCOinternaluseddexampleTocopyanentirediskdrivetoanotheridentically-sizeddevice:#ddif=/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0of=/dev/rdsk/c3t3d0bs=4096ChinaTCOinternaluseddsyntax#ddif=input_fileof=output_filebs=block_sizeWarning:Datawillbedestroyedontheoutputfilelocation.Ensurethatthecorrectoutputfileisdesignatedtopreventunintentionaldatadestruction.ChinaTCOinternalusecpioexampleTousewiththefindcommandtobackupallfilesandsub-directoriesofthe/homedirectory:$find/home-print|cpio-ocB/dev/rmt/0mToprintalistingoffilesstoredonabackupcreatedbycpio:$cpio-itBv/dev/rmt/0mTorestoreafilefromacpiobackup:$cpio-icBv/etc/lvmtab/dev/rmt/0mTobackupallfilesincurrentdirectory:$ls|cpio-ocB/dev/rmt/0mChinaTCOinternalusecpiosyntax$cpio-o[-eextarg][achvxABC]$cpio-i[bodfmrstuvxBPRSU6][pattern]$cpio-p[-eextarg][adlmruvxU]directoryCommonoptions:oCopyout(export)specifiedfilestoarchiveiCopyin(import)specifiedfilesfromarchivepDuplicatedirectorytree(passthrough)cWriteorreadheaderinformationinASCIIcharacterformatforportabilitydCreatedirectoriesasneededtPrinttableofcontentsonly.BBlockinput/outputat5120bytestorecord.Useonlywithdatadirectedtoorfromdevicesthatsupportvariable-lengthrecords.vPrintfilecharacteristics(numeric-mode,owner,blocks,date,filename)patternOnlyfilesthatmatchpatternaresaved/restoreddirectoryDestinationdirectorytreeChinaTCOinternalusefbackup/frecoverBackupadirectory:#fbackup-f/dev/rmt/0m-i/dataRestoreallfilesfromatape:#frecover-orf/dev/rmt/0mRestoreonefilefromatape:#frecover-o