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ComputerPeripheralsUnit4Computer-SystemInput/Output1.Computer-SystemInputInordertousetheinformationandapplicationsofacomputersystem,youneedsomewaystoinputcommandsandtexttothesystem.(Commandsareinstructionsthatdirectadevicetoperformacertainjob.Theycanbewords,keystrokes,orchoicesfromalist.)为了使用计算机系统中的信息和应用程序，人们需要某种向系统输入命令和文本的方法。（命令就是指挥设备完成某个任务的指令，1.Computer-SystemInputInordertousetheinformationandapplicationsofacomputersystem,youneedsomewaystoinputcommandsandtexttothesystem.(Commandsareinstructionsthatdirectadevicetoperformacertainjob.Theycanbewords,keystrokes,orchoicesfromalist.)为了使用计算机系统中的信息和应用程序，n.击键；按键vt.用键盘输入；可以表现为文字、击键、或列表中的选项）。1.Computer-SystemInputInordertousetheinformationandapplicationsofacomputersystem,youneedsomewaystoinputcommandsandtexttothesystem.(Commandsareinstructionsthatdirectadevicetoperformacertainjob.Theycanbewords,keystrokes,orchoicesfromalist.)为了使用计算机系统中的信息和应用程序，textlist（1）InteractiveInput交互式输入Theideaofinteractiveinputistocaptureinformationdirectlyintocomputersandgetresponsesfromcomputersastheinputoccurs.Thishappenswhenyoutypeonakeyboardandimmediatelyseetheresultsofyourworkonascreen.Itissocalledasscreen-dependent.交互式输入是指进行输入操作时，捕获的信息直接输入计算机，并得到计算机的响应。人机交互俘获；夺得例如，当你在键盘上敲击时，可以立即在屏幕上看到自己敲键的结果。所以这又称为“屏幕依赖”。Keyboardentrymaybetoosloworawkwardforsomejobs,butthekeyboardcanbebypassedbyusingoneofanumberofotherinteractivedevices.对于某些工作，也许使用键盘输入太慢或难于使用，Mostoftoday'smicrocomputers,forexample,includeamouseoratrackballthatletsyouusenaturalarmorhandmotionstomovethecursor(SeeFig.4-1).例如，目前大部分微型计算机都配有鼠标或轨迹球，难使用的；笨拙的逃开；忽视可以使用其他许多交互式设备代替键盘。Keyboardentrymaybetoosloworawkwardforsomejobs,butthekeyboardcanbebypassedbyusingoneofanumberofotherinteractivedevices.对于某些工作，也许使用键盘输入太慢或难于使用，Mostoftoday'smicrocomputers,forexample,includeamouseoratrackballthatletsyouusenaturalarmorhandmotionstomovethecursor(SeeFig.4-1).例如，目前大部分微型计算机都配有鼠标或轨迹球，使人们可以使用手臂或手的自然运动来移动光标。（如图4-1）轨迹球Somescreensthemselvesacceptinteractiveinput:Thetouchscreenlookslikeanormalcomputerscreen,butitcandetectthepointatwhichyoutouch.有些屏幕本身可接收交互式输入：Technicalapplicationssuchasgraphicarts,mapping,andengineeringoftenrequirespecializedinputmethods.接触屏的外观和普通电脑屏幕很像，但它可以检测到你触摸的那个点。Somescreensthemselvesacceptinteractiveinput:Thetouchscreenlookslikeanormalcomputerscreen,butitcandetectthepointatwhichyoutouch.有些屏幕本身可接收交互式输入：Technicalapplicationssuchasgraphicarts,mapping,andengineeringoftenrequirespecializedinputmethods.像平面艺术、绘图和工程这样的技术应用通常需要专门的输入方法。平面艺术绘图Perhapsthemostnaturaltoolsarethelightpenandthegraphicstabletordigitizer.Perhapsthemostnaturaltoolsarethelightpenandthegraphicstabletordigitizer.Perhapsthemostnaturaltoolsarethelightpenandthegraphicstabletordigitizer.光笔、绘图板或数字化仪应该是最常用的工具了。（2）DirectInput直接输入Inaninformationsystem,thegreatestmajorityofdelays,errors,andproblemsoccurduringtheinputphase.Perhapsthemostnaturaltoolsarethelightpenandthegraphicstabletordigitizer.光笔、绘图板或数字化仪应该是最常用的工具了。（2）DirectInput直接输入Inaninformationsystem,thegreatestmajorityofdelays,errors,andproblemsoccurduringtheinputphase.在信息系统中，延时、错误及出现问题大部分都发生在输入阶段。输入阶段绝大多数绘图板；图形输入板数字化仪MISToattacktheproblem,anumberofmethodshavebeendevelopedtoincreasespeed,accuracy,andreliabilityofinput.Collectively,thesetechniqueshavebeenreferredtoassourcedataautomation.Scanning,voiceinput,andsensorinputarethreetypesofdirectinput.Toattacktheproblem,anumberofmethodshavebeendevelopedtoincreasespeed,accuracy,andreliabilityofinput.Collectively,thesetechniqueshavebeenreferredtoassourcedataautomation.Scanning,voiceinput,andsensorinputarethreetypesofdirectinput.为了解决这个问题，研究了许多提高输入速度、准确度和可靠性的方法。解决这个问题Toattacktheproblem,anumberofmethodshavebeendevelopedtoincreasespeed,accuracy,andreliabilityofinput.Collectively,thesetechniqueshavebeenreferredtoassourcedataautomation.Scanning,voiceinput,andsensorinputarethreetypesofdirectinput.为了解决这个问题，研究了许多提高输入速度、准确度和可靠性的方法。共同地；全体地被称为这些技术都被称为源数据自动化。扫描、声音输入，以及传感器输入是直接输入的三种类型。传感器研究；开发；发展Scanners,alsocalledopticalscanners,aredevicesthatreadprintedmaterialsothatitcanbeputincomputer-readableformwithoutyourhavingtoretype,redraw,reprint,orrephotographthematerial.Scanners,alsocalledopticalscanners,aredevicesthatreadprintedmaterialsothatitcanbeputincomputer-readableformwithoutyourhavingtoretype,redraw,reprint,orrephotographthematerial.扫描仪，又称为光学扫描仪，光学的是一种可以读取印刷材料的设备，并使印刷材料转变为计算机可读的形式，而无须对这些材料重新输入、绘制、打印或拍摄。Speech-recognition,orvoice-input,devicesacceptspokenwordsthroughamicrophoneandchangethesoundsintocomputer-readablesignals.Speech-recognition,orvoice-input,devicesacceptspokenwordsthroughamicrophoneandchangethesoundsintocomputer-readablesignals.语音识别（或声音输入）设备通过麦克风接收说话的声音，并将声音转化为计算机可识别的信号。语音识别Homecomputerusersmaylinktheirsystemstothermometers,lightdetectors,andmotiondetectorstohelpcontrolenergyuseanddetervandalism.温度计Homecomputerusersmaylinktheirsystemstothermometers,lightdetectors,andmotiondetectorstohelpcontrolenergyuseanddetervandalism.家庭电脑用户可以将他们的计算机系统与温度探测器、光探测器及运动探测器连接起来，以控制能源的使用、阻止非法入侵。Inputfromthesedetectorsiscalledsensorinput.Sensorinputisusedwidelywithmicrocomputersinfactoriesandinscientificandmedical