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Module4GrammarI’veseenquitealotofChinaandI’vevisitedsomebeautifulcities.It’sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother.ThisisthefirsttimeI’vevisitedyourhometown.现在完成时(Presentperfecttense)构成：___________________have/has+过去分词现在完成时1.现在完成时的基本用法：1）表示动作发生在过去，但结果影响到现在，和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用，如just,already,yet,ever,recently,sofar等连用。eg._________________________________________我已经学会了使用计算机了。（“学计算机”是过去发生的动作，对现在的影响是“我已学会了使用计算机”）Ihavealreadylearnedhowtouseacomputer.2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since,for，inthepast/last10years等表示一段时间的状语连用。e.g.________________________________他已经学习英语7年了。3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历，常带有twice,ever,never,threetimes,before等时间状语。e.g.__________________________________我已经看过这部电影两次了。HehasstudiedEnglishfor7years.Ihaveseenthemovietwice.4）在条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来完成,主句用一般将来时。Don’tgetoffthebusuntilit____________(stop).Hewillcomeassoonashe_______________(finish)hiswork.hasstoppedhasfinished2.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：现在完成时强调的是动作与现在的关系，即对现在的影响或动作延续到现在；而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生，不表示与现在有关系。因此，句中有过去时间状语时，一般用一般过去时。试比较：I__________mynewbike.我把新自行车丢了。（强调对现在的影响，现在还未找到）I_______mynewbikeyesterday.我昨天把新自行车丢了。（强调动作发生的时间,现在找到与否不清楚）havelostlost【跟踪练习】1.用括号内动词适当形式填空。1）We____________(know)eachothersincefiveyearsago.2）--Howlong______you_______(work)asanurse?--SinceI__________(graduate)fromcollegein2014.3)--Maryseemstohaveafever.--Don’tworry.I___________(send)foradoctorandheisontheway.haveknowngraduatedworkedhavehavesent4)He_____(leave)hishometown5yearsagoandnoone_________(see)himeversince.5)WhenIwasinTokyo,I_______(study)Japanesefor2years.lefthasseenstudied2.语法填空：YesterdayI_______(arrive)atthesmallcity—myhometownwhereI______(grow)up.It__________(be)15yearssinceI____(leave)heretogoabroad.Thisisthefirsttimethatmydaughter___________(visit)here.Sheisveryexcitedandshesaysthisisthemostattractiveplaceshe________(be)to.Greatchanges_________(take)placehereinthelast15years.Icanhardlyrecognizethecity.Manyhigh-risebuildings____________(put)up.Therearesomegreatshoppingmalls.Much___mydelight,IcanseethemiddleschoolwhereI_____(use)tostudy.Ilovemyhometown.arrivedgrewis/hasbeenlefthasvisitedhasbeenhavetakenhavebeenputtousedThisisthefirsttimethatmydaughterhasvisitedhere.这是我女儿第一次来这儿参观。用于现在完成时的句型:This/Itisthe+_______+________that…表示这是某人第几次....（如果is为过去时was，则从句用过去完成时。）Itwasthethirdtimethattheboy_________late.这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。序数词timehadbeen2.语法填空：YesterdayI_______(arrive)atthesmallcity—myhometownwhereI______(grow)up.It__________(be)15yearssinceI____(leave)heretogoabroad.Thisisthefirsttimethatmydaughter___________(visit)here.Sheisveryexcitedandshesaysthisisthemostattractiveplaceshe________(be)to.Greatchanges_________(take)placehereinthelast15years.Icanhardlyrecognizethecity.Manyhigh-risebuildings____________(put)up.Therearesomegreatshoppingmalls.Much___mydelight,IcanseethemiddleschoolwhereI_____(use)tostudy.Ilovemyhometown.arrivedgrewis/hasbeenlefthasvisitedhasbeenhavetakenhavebeenputtousedhad•1）Theyhadputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.•2)Hismotherhaveworkedinthatfactorysince2000.•3)Ihaveboughtthebikefortwomonths.•4)Thereportsgomissingin2013andnobodyhaveseenthemeversince.(2mistakes)havehas非延续性动词•非持续性动词(短暂性动词)（如come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,getup,join,marry,open,close,give,lend,borrow,buy,die等）不能与表一段时间的状语连用,要转变成相应的延续性动词形式。e.g.buyhaveopenbeopen•1）Theyhadputupalotofhigh-risebuildingsrecently.•2)Hismotherhaveworkedinthatfactorysince2000.•3)Ihaveboughtthebikefortwomonths.•4)Thereportsgomissingin2013andnobodyhaveseenthemeversince.(2mistakes)havehashadwenthas•5)Hehasbeenwritten30articlesforournewspapertheseyears.•6）Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshaveproducedallovertheworld.been