【积极心理学】chapter1 what is positive psychology？

PositivePsychologyDepartmentofPsychologyWenzhouMedicalCollegeShirleyXieWHATDOYOUEXPECTFROMTHISCOURSE?Purposeofthiscourse:•Trytofindawaytodescribeandunderstandthegoodlife.•Threerelatedtopics:–Positivesubjectiveexperience–Positiveindividualtraits–PositiveinstitutionOnegame:•Imagethefinalmomentsofyourlifeandhowyoumighttakestockofhowyouhadlived?•Thinkaheadtoyourlifeasyouwouldlikeittobeandhowyouwouldliketoberememberedbythoseclosesttoyou.•Whataccomplishmentwouldtheymention?•Whatpersonalstrengthswouldtheyenumerate?References积极心理学,（爱尔兰）卡尔（Carr,A.）著,丁丹等译,中国轻工业出版社,2013《专念：积极心理学的力量》，[美]埃伦·兰格（EllenJ.Langer）著，王佳艺译，浙江人民出版社，2012积极心理学，任俊著，上海教育出版社，2006PerformanceDailyperformanceandhomework30%Finalexamination70%Positivepsychology•Itisthescientificstudyofwhatgoesrightinlife,frombirthtodeathandatallstopsinbetween.•Ittakesseriouslyasasubjectmatterthosethingsthatmakelifemostworthliving.IShorthistorywithlongpast•HermanEbbinghaus:“psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashorthistory.”•Positivepsycholog:1998,MartinSeligman,formerresidentoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.TendencyofpsychologysinceworldwarII•Ithadfocusedmuchofitseffortsonhumanproblemsandhowtoremedythem.•Greatstrideshavebeenmadeinunderstanding,treating,andpreventingpsychologicaldisorders.•Buttherehasbeenacosttothisemphasis:psychologyhasembracedadiseasemodelofhumannature.Whatideasdoespositivepsychologyreallypose?•Themostbasicassumptionthatpositivepsychologyurgesisthathumangoodnessandexcellenceareasauthenticasdisease,disorder,anddistress.•Contemporarypositivepsychology:provideanumbrellaforwhathasbeenisolatedlinesoftheoryandresearchandtomaketheself-consciousargumentthatwhatmakeslifeworthlivingdeservesitsownfieldofinquirywithinpsychology.IIFAQsaboutpositivepsychology1.Ispositivepsychologyjusthappiology?–Pleasureandhappinessarecertainlyofgreatinteresttopositivepsychologybutaremorecomplexthanwhateverisconveyedbyasmileyface.–Positivetraitsanddispositions–Socialinstitutionsthatenablethegoodlife.2.Whatistherelationshipofpositivepsychologytohumanisticpsychology?•Humanisticpsychology:–Opposedtopsychoanalysisorbehaviorism–AbrahamMaslowandCarlRogers–Self-actualization–Existentialism–Phenomenology•Positivepsychologyandhumanisticpsychologyarecloserelatives.Insomeinstances,theirfeaturesareidentical,andinsomeotherinstances,theycanbedistinguished.3.IspositivepsychologyanythingmorethanwhatSundayschoolteachersknow?•Commonsenseandobviousnesscanalwaysbeassertedafterthefact.•Psychologymakesalotofcounterintuitivefindings,whichisimportantforcorrectingcommonsense,butnotifitleadstotheconclusionthatpeoplearehopelesslyflawedandinadequate.•Positivepsychologyneedstosortthroughconventionalwisdom,andthisiswherethescientificmethodprovesindispensable.4.Arepositivepsychologistsindifferenttosuffering?•Psychologisthavethebestintentions:theywanttoeliminatesuffering.•Fromtheperspectiveofpositivepsychology,abetterunderstandingofwell-beingwillallowpsychologiststohelpallpeople,troubledornot.•Sufferingandwell-beingsarebothpartofhumancondition,andallpsychologistsshouldbeconcernedwithboth.5.Isn’tlifetragic?•Thereisnogoodanswertothischargeifone’sdebateopponentstickstohisphilosophicalgrounds.•Whetherwelabelthesepreferredcircumstances“positive”or“lesssucky”isamatterofsemantics.6.Arehappypeoplestupid?•Ourcommoncultureisrepletewithstereotypeslinkinghappinessandstupidity.•Theevidence,however,pointstotheoppositeconclusion.7.Ispositivepsychologyaluxury?•Ispositivepsychologyaluxuryonlyfortheprivilegedinoursociety?•Thegoodlifeatitscoreinvolveshowonerisestotheoccasion.•WehaverevisedoriginalviewabouttheSocietalconditionsthatmakepositivesocialsciencepossible;crisismaybethecrucibleofcharater.8.Ispositivepsychologyvalue-laden?•Thetaskforpositivepsychologyistoprovidethemostobjectivefactspossibleaboutthephenomenaitstudiessothateverydaypeopleandsocietyasawholecanmakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhatgoalstopursueinwhatcircumstances.•Notallthenewswillbeupbeat,butitwillbeofvaluepreciselybecauseitprovidesanappropriatelynuancedviewofthegoodlife.9.Istherestofpsychologynegative?•Business-as-usualpsychology:psychologyfocusesonhumanproblems.•Positivepsychologydoesnotmeanthatpositivepsychologistisa“positive”person.10.Whataboutculture?•Alotsofculturalpracticesneedtobedocumentedanddisseminatedacrossnationalborders.•Cultural-bound11.Isthisaparadigmshift?•Paradigmshift:todescriberadicalchangesinascientificfield.•Scientificrevolution•Gestaltpsychology,behaviorism•Positiveisarefocusingofsubjectmatterandnotarevolution.12.Whataboutbadcompany?•Theseisahugebandwagonemergingaroundpositivepsychology.•Poppsychology•Itmanglesthetheoriesandfindingsthatemergingfromthecarefulstudiesandpresentingthemtoaneagerpublicassimpletruthsasopposedtotentativegeneralizations.•Itbringsdownpositivepsychologybyrunningfaraheadofwhattheevidenceactuallyshows,promisingwhatcannotbedelivered,andglossingovertherealproblemsthatmanypeopleface.13.Doyouhavetobehappytobeapositivepsychologist?•Positivepsychologyisnotallaboutebullience.IIIThePillarsofpositivepsychology•Atheory:Positiveinstitutionsf