2018年普陀区初三数学二模试卷及参考答案评分标准

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—1—2018年普陀区初三数学二模试卷(时间:100分钟,满分:150分)考生注意:1.本试卷含三个大题,共25题.答题时,考生务必按答题要求在答题纸规定的位置上作答,在草稿纸、本试卷上答题一律无效.2.除第一、二大题外,其余各题如无特别说明,都必须在答题纸的相应位置上写出证明或计算的主要步骤.一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)[下列各题的四个选项中,有且只有一个选项是正确的,选择正确项的代号并填涂在答题纸的相应位置上]1.下列计算中,错误的是·············································································(▲)(A)120180;(B)422;(C)2421;(D)3131.2.下列二次根式中,最简二次根式是······························································(▲)(A)a9;(B)35a;(C)22ba;(D)21a.3.如果关于x的方程022cxx没有实数根,那么c在2、1、0、3中取值是···(▲)(A)2;(B)1;(C)0;(D)3.4.如图1,已知直线CDAB//,点E、F分别在AB、CD上,CFE:EFB3:4,如果40B,那么BEF=·········································································(▲)(A)20;(B)40;(C)60;(D)80.5.自1993年起,联合国将每年的3月22日定为“世界水日”,宗旨是唤起公众的节水意识,加强水资源保护.某校在开展“节约每一滴水”的活动中,从初三年级随机选出20名学生统计出各自家庭一个月的节约用水量,有关数据整理如下表.节约用水量(单位:吨)11.21.422.5ABCDFE图1—2—图2家庭数46532这组数据的中位数和众数分别是····································································(▲)(A)1.2,1.2;(B)1.4,1.2;(C)1.3,1.4;(D)1.3,1.2.6.如图2,已知两个全等的直角三角形纸片的直角边分别为a、b)(ba,将这两个三角形的一组等边重合,拼合成一个无重叠的几何图形,其中轴对称图形有····················(▲)(A)3个;(B)4个;(C)5个;(D)6个.二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)7.计算:xyx3122=▲.8.方程32xx的根是▲.9.大型纪录片《厉害了,我的国》上映25天,累计票房约为402700000元,成为中国纪录电影票房冠军.402700000用科学记数法表示是▲.10.用换元法解方程312122xxxx时,如果设yxx21,那么原方程化成以y为“元”的方程是▲.11.已知正比例函数的图像经过点M(2,1)、),(11yxA、),(22yxB,如果21xx,那么1y▲2y.(填“>”、“=”、“<”)12.已知二次函数的图像开口向上,且经过原点,试写出一个符合上述条件的二次函数的解析式:▲.(只需写出一个)13.如果一个多边形的内角和是720,那么这个多边形的边有▲条.14.如果将“概率”的英文单词probability中的11个字母分别写在11张相同的卡片上,字面朝下随意放在桌子上,任取一张,那么取到字母b的概率是▲.15.2018年春节期间,反季游成为出境游的热门,中国游客青睐的目的地仍主要集中在温暖的东南亚地区.据调查发现2018年春节期间出境游约有700万人,游客目的地分布情况的扇形图如图3所示,从中可知出境游东南亚地区的游客约有▲万人.A东南亚欧美澳新16%港澳台15%韩日11%其他13%图3—3—yxOABC图6ABCDE图7ABCDEF图4BCDOA图516.如图4,在梯形ABCD中,BCAD//,ADBC3,点E、F分别是边AB、CD的中点.设aAD,bDC,那么向量EC用向量a、b表示是▲.17.如图5,矩形ABCD中,如果以AB为直径的⊙O沿着BC滚动一周,点B恰好与点C重合,那么ABBC的值等于▲.(结果保留两位小数)18.如图6,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,△ABC的顶点A、C在坐标轴上,点B的坐标是(2,2).将△ABC沿x轴向左平移得到△111ABC,点1B落在函数6yx的图像上.如果此时四边形11AACC的面积等于552,那么点1C的坐标是▲.三、解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)19.(本题满分10分)先化简,再求值:42442222xxxxxxx,其中22x.20.(本题满分10分)求不等式组7153,3134xxxx≥的整数解.21.(本题满分10分)如图7,在Rt△ABC中,90C,点D在边BC上,DE⊥AB,点E为垂足,7AB,45DAB,3tan4B.(1)求DE的长;(2)求CDA的余弦值.—4—22.(本题满分10分)小张同学尝试运用课堂上学到的方法,自主研究函数21yx的图像与性质.下面是小张同学在研究过程中遇到的几个问题,现由你来完成:(1)函数21yx的定义域是▲;(2)下表列出了y与x的几组对应值:x…232m341212341322…y…144911694416914914…表中m的值是▲;(3)如图8,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,描出以表中各组对应值为坐标的点,试由描出的点画出该函数的图像;(4)结合函数21yx的图像,写出这个函数的性质:▲.(只需写一个)23.(本题满分12分)已知:如图9,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,DE∥AB,DE与对角线AC交于点F,FG∥AD,且FGEF.(1)求证:四边形ABED是菱形;(2)联结AE,又知AC⊥ED,求证:212AEEFED.图8ABCDEFG图9—5—24.(本题满分12分)如图10,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线3ykx与x轴、y轴分别相交于点A、B,并与抛物线21742yxbx的对称轴交于点2,2C,抛物线的顶点是点D.(1)求k和b的值;(2)点G是y轴上一点,且以点B、C、G为顶点的三角形与△BCD相似,求点G的坐标;(3)在抛物线上是否存在点E:它关于直线AB的对称点F恰好在y轴上.如果存在,直接写出点E的坐标,如果不存在,试说明理由.25.(本题满分14分)已知P是O⊙的直径BA延长线上的一个动点,P的另一边交O⊙于点C、D,两点位于AB的上方,AB=6,OPm=,1sin3P=,如图11所示.另一个半径为6的1O⊙经过点C、D,圆心距1OOn=.(1)当6m=时,求线段CD的长;(2)设圆心1O在直线AB上方,试用n的代数式表示m;(3)△1POO在点P的运动过程中,是否能成为以1OO为腰的等腰三角形,如果能,试求出此时n的值;如果不能,请说明理由.图10xy11OOAB备用图PDOABC图11—6—2018年普陀区初三数学二模参考答案及评分说明一、选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)1.(B);2.(C);3.(A);4.(C);5.(D);6.(B).二、填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)三、解答题(本大题共7题,其中第19---22题每题10分,第23、24题每题12分,第25题14分,满分78分)19.解:原式22+22(2)22xxxxxxx·················································(3分)122xxx·····································································(2分)12xx.···············································································(1分)当22x时,原式221222························································(1分)232····························································(1分)2322.·························································(2分)20.解:由①得,2x≥-.··········································································(3分)由②得,x<3.···········································································(3分)∴原不等式组的解集是23x≤.·················································(2分)所以,原不等式组的整数解是2、1、0、1、2.···························(2分)21.解:7.323xy;8.3x;9.810027.4;10.32yy;11.;12.2yx等;13.6;14.112;15.315;16.ba212;17.3.14;18.(5,211).—7—(1)∵DE⊥AB,∴90DEA又∵45DAB,∴AEDE.······················································(1分)在Rt△DEB中,90DEB,43tanB,∴43BEDE.·······················(1分)设xDE3,那么xAE3,xBE4.∵7AB,∴743xx,解得1x.···············································(2分)∴3DE.···················································································(1分)(2)在Rt△ADE中,由勾股定理,得23AD.·····································(1分)同理得5BD.·············································································(1分)在Rt△ABC中,由43tanB,可得54cosB.∴528BC.················(1分)∴53CD.··················································································(1分)∴102cosADCDCDA.·····························································(1分)即CDA的余弦值为210.22.解:(1)0x的实数;··················································································(2分)(2)1;······························································································(2分)

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