搜索
Wondersontheearth倚山偎翠，方圆错落，似古堡巍峨苍朴，如现代体育馆气势恢弘，像地下冒出的“蘑菇”绚丽多彩，赛从天而降的“飞碟”壮观神奇，这就是永定客家土楼——独一无二的世界民居。以生土夯筑，却巧夺天工。安全坚固，防风抗震，冬暖夏凉，阴阳调和，处处洋溢着客家人的聪明才智。雕刻、楹联、书法、乡土气息浓郁的民俗风情，土楼的每一幅画卷，都令人流连驻足，生发无限遐思。InthemountainousareasinthewesternpartofFujian,therearenumbersofearthbuildings,eitherroundorsquare.Thearchitecturalstructure,carvings,pillarcoupletsofthesedwellinghousesreflectthewisdomandcreativenessoftheHakkas.Whenyouvisittheuniquebuildingsoftheworld,youcanhardlytearyourselfawayfromthem.TheHakkaswerepeoplewhosettledinFujianfromtheCentralPlainsofChina.Aftermorethan1,000yearsofstruggletheyformedtheiroriginalfolkcustomsintheirresidentialbuildingssuchastheirfood,drink,dressing,educationandreligion.ThesearethemaincomponentsofHakkasculture,ofwhichthemostuniqueistheearthbuildings.TheearthbuildingswerebuiltwiththecombinationofgoodpointsofvariouskindsofChineseresidentialbuildingsaswellasthewisdomandcreativenessoftheancestorsoftheHakkassettlersinYongding.Theyarelikebrilliantpearlsamongstthearchitecturalbeautiesintheworld.Accordingtotheearlysettlers’philosophyofheavenandearth,whichheldthattheheavenwasroundandtheearthwassquare,earthbuildingsinYongdingincludevarietiesofsquareandroundhousescombinedtogether.ThousandsofthesebuildingswerebuiltintheQingDynasty,withthickwalls,ingeniousstructuresandvariousfunctionssuchasprotectionagainsthighwinds,earthquakesandhotandcoldweather.Theyalsoservedasaguardagainstenemies.Allthesebuildingswerefurnishedforliving,storageandcookingandcanaccommodateaclanofhundredsoffamilymemberstoliveahappylifetogether.Withinthebuildings,thereareseveralpillarcouplets,carvings,examplesofancientcalligraphy,andotherculturaltreasures,whichreflecttheHakkasspiritofhardwork,thrift,creativenessandtheiremphasisoneducationanddeeppatriotism.ZhenchengBuilding—themostmagnificentroundbuilding振成楼—最富丽堂皇的圆楼Amongalltheearthbuildings,ZhenchengBuildingisthemostmagnificent.Withthecombinationofvariousroundbuildingsintoone,itisregardedasamiraculouswonderbythousandsofexperts,scholarsandtouristswhohavebeenenchantedbyitsbeauty.Builtin1912,atthecostof80,000silverdollars,theoveralldesignofthebuildingisacombinationofthetraditionalstyleoflocalresidentialbuildingsandthatoftypicalBeijingandWesternarchitecture.CentralhallofZhenchengBuildingThemainbuildingiscomposedofaninsideroundbuilding,anoutsideroundbuildingandacentralhall.Theoutsideringhasfourstories,whicharedividedintoeightcomponentsaccordingtoChina’straditionalEightDiagrams(八卦),witheachdiagramformingaseparatecourtyard.Variouscourtyardsareconnectedbycorridors,buteachdiagramisseparatedbyafirewall.Onbothsidesofthemainbuilding,therearetwotwo-storiedhousesintheshapeofacrescent.Onewasusedasaschoolandtheotherwasresidedbyodd-jobmen.Theoverallexternalshapeofthebuildinglookslikeablackgauzecap(乌纱帽)wornbyfeudalofficialsinancienttimes,whichimpliesthattheownerhopedthathisoffspringcouldbesoremarkableastobecomeofficials.ChengqiBuilding—thekingofroundbuildings承启楼—土楼之王Likeacitywithmanyringroads,thefour-storiedChengqiBuildinghasfourringsof400houses.Itenjoysahistoryofmorethan300years.Thepopulationofthebuildingoncereachedover600atthemost.NearlyonehundredfamilieslivedandworkedtogetherinthebuildingandformedahistoryofthedevelopmentoftheHakkassettlersinYongding.Itwasacclaimedasthepeakofperfectionbytouristsbothathomeandabroad.In1981,itwasenlistedinChina’sDictionaryofHistoricalsites.In1986,astampentitled“Fujian'sResidentialBuildings”,withitsdesignbasedonthisbuilding,waschosenasoneofthebeststampsintheworld.AnindoorsceneofHuanjiBuildingHuanjiBuilding—themostmysteriousroundbuilding环极楼—最神秘的土楼HuanjiBuildingwasbuiltintheyearofthereinofGuangxu,QingDynasty.In1940,thewallofthebuildingwastornabout20×300cmapartbyasevereearthquake,whichdestroyedmanysquareearthbuildings.ButHuanjiBuildingremainedthereandthecrackwasrenovatedgraduallyaftertheearthquake.Allyoucanseenowareonlysomesmallcracks.YijingBuilding—thetallestsquarebuilding遗经楼—最高大的方楼YijingBuilding,whichisfivestoriesand17metershigh,isthetallestearthbuildinginYongding.Coveringanareaof5hectares,ithas267rooms.Accordingtothelocalresidents,ifonebeginstoopenthewindowsatsunrise,havearestatlunchtimeandstarttoclosethewindowsafterwards,itwouldbesunsetwhenthelastwindowisfinallyclosed.In1931,aguardunitinsidethebuildinghadafightagainstawell-equippedarmy.Despitethestronggunfire,thebuildingremainedsafeandsound.Intheendthearmyoutsidethebuildinghadtoretreat.Thereareoneortwowellsineveryearthbuilding