国际结算中的支付方式信用证结算方式信用证的定义信用证的基本当事人信用证的业务流程信用证的内容信用证的种类信用证的特点《跟单信用证统一惯例》一、信用证的定义LetterofCredit(L/C)欧洲教皇、君主派遣使臣时签发信用证,使其凭以在外国取款作为活动经费早期L/C单纯转移资金、避免携带现金国际贸易双方远隔重洋,信息沟通不便,彼此间缺乏了解和信任出口商:担心发货后收不到货款进口商:担心付款后收不到合格的货物出口商进口商发出货物后尽早收回货款收到货物后才付款出借银行信用提高信用等级提供资金融通改造信用证出口商提交合格的物权单据银行以信用证形式对出口商提供垫款进口商付款即可从银行领到合格单据对三方有利的创造卖方:只要按照L/C的规定提交合格的单据,就可以得到货款买方:只要付款即可得到代表物权的合格单据通过信用证条款控制出口商的交货环节银行:对出口商付款后得到合格的物权单据,进口商随即付款赎单出借信用、不占用资金收取开证、议付等费用占用开证押金LetterofCredit;L/C银行(开证行)根据客户(开证申请人)的要求,开立给第三者(受益人)的保证文件,保证当受益人在信用证规定的时间、交来符合信用证要求的全套单据时,由开证行或指定银行对受益人支付信用证规定的金额款项(或对受益人签发的汇票承兑及付款)银行对受益人有条件的付款约定或承诺O/A记帐贸易Seller先行向Buyer发运货物,货款定期结算商业信用,“赊销”欧美80%的贸易都是采取非证形式,其中以DA和OA为主,省去很多的手续费和繁杂的过程“高消费”的只言片语我公司出口了二单到台湾,但在信用证费用方面收了我们第一单(货值8千美元)将近300美元,第二(货值1万美元)收了500美元。在银行传真来的水单中FOREIGNBANKCHGS分别收了244及322美元,本来利就不大如此收费实在吃不消。L/C上明明写着各自国内费用各自担,但水单到了发现已经被国外扣费115美金,一共才2100美金,国内费用花了近一千RMB,以为没有别的费用,这115美金扣得那么容易!问当地的银行,他们说是中间行扣的费用。我的一个新客户开了信用证过来,在没开之前我和他确认expiry地点是China,结果他告诉我说开证银行不小心打成了Franch,现在我方要求他修改信用证,他却告诉我说需要100欧元的费用,这个费用要让我方承担。。。。。碰到过1万多美金扣400美金的寒心...................信用证上的条款是相当的苛刻,要出船公司提单,到付,不可多式联运等。。。。不符点扣90欧元!!我经历的保兑费夸张的有,STANDARDCHARTERNEWYORK保BNPPARIBASSHANGHAI一个很简单的信用证保兑费$22,437.80,总金额1million多一点,结果我们强烈谴责这些强盗行为二、信用证的基本当事人开证申请人开证行受益人通知行付款行议付行(一)开证申请人Applicant、又称“开证人”(Opener)向银行申请开立信用证的人一般为进口商(二)开证行Openingbank、Issuingbank接受开证申请人委托开立信用证的银行一般为进口地银行(三)受益人BeneficiaryL/C中所指定的、有权使用L/C、提供符合L/C要求的单据、向开证行或付款行要求支付货款的人一般为出口商(四)通知行Advisingbank、Notifyingbank受开证行委托,将L/C的内容转达给受益人的银行出口地的银行只证明L/C的真实性,不承担其他义务(五)付款行Payingbank、DraweebankL/C上规定的付款人大多数情况下就是开证行接受开证行委托代为付款的另一家银行(六)议付行Negotiatingbank买入受益人按照L/C规定提交的单据、贴现汇票的银行通常以汇票持票人的身份出现付款人拒付时议付行对出口商有追索权一般是出口商所在地银行根据实际需要还可能涉及:保兑行偿付行承兑行转让行三、信用证方式的业务流程四、信用证的内容信开本(MailCredit)以信函开立、寄给受益人或通知行L/C早期主要形式。电开本(CableCredit)电文格式开立、以电讯方式传递的L/C电报、电传和SWIFT简电本(BriefCable)电文内容简单扼要的L/C方便出口商备货、预先通知L/C的金额、有效期等内容、不作为交单议付依据详电本(FullCable)电文内容详细完整的L/C主要形式:SWIFT信用证NameofIssuingBank:IrrevocableDocumentaryCreditNumber:PlaceandDateofIssue:ExpiryDate:PlaceforPresentation:Applicant:Beneficiary:AdvisingBank:Amount:PartialShipments:□allowed□notallowedCreditAvailablewithNominatedBank:□bypaymentatsight:□bydeferredpaymentat:□byacceptanceofdraftsat□bynegotiation:Transshipments:□allowed□notallowed□InsuranceCoveredbyBuyersShipmentasdefinedinUCP500Article46From:Fortransportationto:NotLaterThan:Againstthedocumentsdetailedherein:□andBeneficiary’sdraftdrawnon:1、Signedcommercialinvoiceand3copies2、Packinglistand3copiesshowingtheindividualweightandmeasurementofeachitem.3、FullsetcleanonboardoceanbillsofladingshowingfreightprepaidconsignedtoorderoftheXXXbankofXXXindicatingtheactualdateofthegoodsonboardandnotifytheapplicant4、Insurancepolicyorcertificatefor130percentofinvoicevaluecovering……Documentmustbepresentedwithin□daysafterthedateofshipmentbutwithinthevalidityoftheCreditWeherebyissuetheIrrevocableDocumentaryCreditinyourfavor.ItissubjecttotheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit(1993Revision,InternationalChamberofCommerce,PublicationNo.500)andengageusinaccordancewiththetermsthereof.ThenumberandtheCreditandthenameofourbankmustbequotedonalldraftsrequired.IftheCreditisavailablebynegotiation,eachpresentationmustbenotedonthereversesideofthisadvicebythebankwheretheCreditisavailable.Thisdocumentconsistsof□signedpagesNameandsignatureoftheIssuingBank:跟单信用证信开本式样RECEIVED:6OCT2001TRANSMISSIONNETWORK:SW700ISSUEOFDOCUMENTARYCREDITINCOMINGPRIORITY:NORMALFROM:AGRANIBANKTEJGAONI/ABR,DHAKA,BANGLADESHTO:BANKOFCHINAWUHANBRANCHZHONGYINBUILDING854ZHONGBEIROADWUHANCHINAMESSAGEUSERREF:401108SEQUENCEOFTOTAL:1/127FORMOFDOC.CR:IRREVOCABLE40ADOC.CREDITNUMBER:61001397120DATEOFISSUE:10OCT200131CDATE&PLACEOFEXP:10DEC2001//CHINA31DAPPLICANT:FLORENCEFLORENCESEASONSGARMENTCO.,LTD5022BHABAN,3RDFLOOR100,MOHAKHALL,C/ABENEFICIARY:WUHANMEDIAI/ETRADECO.,LTD.59NO.187ZHONGSHANROAD,WUHANCHINACURRENCYANDAMOUNT:USD38,677.0032BAMT.SPECIFICATION:5/539AAVAIL.WITH/BY:BANKOFCHINAWUHANBRANCHBYPAYMENT40APARTIALSHIPMENTS:PROHIBITED44BTRANSSHIPMENTS:ALLOWED43TSHIPMENTFROM:SHIPMENTFROMANYSEAPORTINCHINA44ASHIPMENTTO:CHICAGOU.S.A.44BLATESTSHIPMENTDATE:31OCT200144CSHIPMENTOF(GOODS):ACCORDINGPROFORMAINVOICENO.WM91070645ADOCUMENTSREQUIRED:CLEANONBOARDOCEANBILLOFLADINGIN2/046A(ORIGINALS/COPIES),ISSUEDTOTHEORDEROF,NOTIFYAPPLICANTSTATINGFREIGHTAMOUNTPREPAID,WHICHVALUEMUSTBESAMEASINDICATEDINCOMMERCIALINVOICE.++2/0(ORIGINAL/COPIES)OFAPROVALSAMPLESCERTIFICATE+PACKINGLISTIN2/0(ORIGINAL/COPIES)+COMERCIALINVOICESIN2/0(ORIGINAL/COPIES),SPECIFYINGALLMERCHANDISE,STATINGVALUEFOB,FREIGHTANDCFR.跟单信用证电开本式样NameofIssuingBank:IrrevocableDocumentaryCreditNumber:PlaceandDateofIssue:ExpiryDate:PlaceforPresentation:Applicant:Beneficiary:AdvisingBank:Amount:信开本范例PartialShipments:□allowed□notallowedCreditAvailablewithNominatedBank:□bypaymentatsight:□bydeferredpaymentat:□byacceptanceofdraftsat□bynegotiation:Transshipments:□allowed□notallowed□InsuranceCoveredbyBuyersShipmentasdefinedinUCP500Article46From:Fortransportationto:NotLaterThan:Againstthedocumentsdetailedherein:□andBenefi