桥小脑角相关解剖(CerebellopontineAngleRelatedAnatomy)PartⅠ刘庆松协和医院CASEBYCASE:C:conceptionA:anatomyS:skillE:emergencyTOBEASURGEON桥小脑角(CPA)含有脑脊液的楔形区域外侧:颞骨岩部后面内侧:脑干(桥脑、延髓)后上:小脑下方:神经血管及蛛网膜结构定位:后颅窝最深、最大、最复杂相关:颞骨、枕骨脑干、小脑椎基底动脉系统V-XII对颅神经枕骨(occipitalbone)颞骨(temporalbone)枕下肌肉(suboccipitalmuscles)小脑&枕骨&后颅窝小脑幕(tentoriumofcerebellum):硬脑膜,呈帐篷状架于颅后窝上方分隔端脑与小脑的结缔组织后外侧部:枕骨横窦沟和颞骨岩部上缘前内侧缘:游离形成切迹切迹与鞍背之间形成小脑幕裂孔(中脑通过)椎基底动脉系统发自锁骨下动脉的双侧椎动脉于桥延沟汇合形成基底动脉,在桥小脑角区分出三对小脑动脉,分别于不同颅神经伴行,形成血管神经束:小脑上动脉(thesuperiorcerebellarartery,SCA)小脑前下动脉(theanteriorinferiorcerebellarartery,AICA)小脑后下动脉(theposteriorinferiorcerebellarartery,PICA)动脉静脉脑干(Brainstem)•延髓(medulla)•脑桥(pons)•中脑(midbrain)I.VentricularcavityII.RoofIII.TegmentumIV.Base第四脑室(fourthventricle)脑干和小脑之间的帐篷样腔隙前上:通大脑导水管尾端:小脑延髓池两侧:桥小脑池(Luschka孔)脑干内侧列:运动核脑干外侧列:感觉核MedialColumns(motornuclei)•onesomatic•twovisceral最内侧列(Column1)•动眼神经核(上丘)•滑车神经核(下丘)•外展神经核(脑桥)•舌下神经核(延髓)Column2:(C1腹外侧)一般内脏运动•三叉神经运动核(脑桥)•面神经运动核(脑桥)•疑核(延髓)•脊副神经核(延髓+脊髓)Column3:(C1外侧)副交感神经节前纤维平滑肌和腺体•动眼神经副核(上丘)•上泌涎核(延髓)•下泌涎核(延髓)•迷走神经背核(延髓)脑干内侧列:运动核脑干外侧列:感觉核LateralColumns(sensorynuclei)•三叉神经感觉核•前庭耳蜗核•孤束核上:•小脑上动脉•中脑•小脑上脚•小脑幕面•ⅢⅣⅤ颅神经中:•小脑前下动脉•脑桥•小脑中脚、绒球•小脑岩面•ⅥⅦⅧ颅神经下:•小脑后下动脉•延髓•小脑下脚、小脑扁桃体延髓沟•小脑枕下面•ⅨⅩⅪⅫ颅神经手术入路(surgicalapproaches)手术入路(surgicalapproaches)degreeofposteriorfossaexposure内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)内镜解剖(endoscopicanatomy)术中监测(IM)facialparesisCSFleakagebacterialmeningitis•trigeminalparesthesias•abducensnervepalsies•lowercranialnervepalsiestumorrecurrence并发症(Complications)参考书籍1.Alberstone,CaryD.,Benzel,MichaelP.AnatomicBasisofNeurologicDiagnosis2.NicholasC.Bambakidisetc,SurgeryoftheCerebellopontineAngle3.MadjidSamii•VenelinGerganovSurgeryofCerebellopontineLesions4.JacquesMagnan,etc.FunctionalSurgeryofCerebellopontineAnglebyMinimallyInvasiveRetrosigmoidApproach