定语从句专题讲解(加强版)一、定语的概念:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如:(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语,然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)abeautifulgirl()ashoefactory()Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar()themanstandingatthedoor()themanwhoistalkingwithSam()二、定语从句的概念及主要特征:1.定语从句:2.定语从句的主要特征:三、定语从句的基本用法:关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who做主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下:(1)Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)(2)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)Whose用来指人或物(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换,指人的时候也可以用ofwhom代替)(1)Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。(2)Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)colorisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如:(1)Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)(2)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语)定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人指物who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语),that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)which指物在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.that指人时相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?关系副词关系副词:在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同先行词搭配)1.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。2.when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.3.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时,常用thereis来引导Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou.这里有人要和你说话。(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语,有时也作宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析:先行词theboys在从句中作主语。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已经来了。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。注意:关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替,也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.译成汉语:_________________________________分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.译成汉语:_________________________注意:指物时,常用下列结构来代替:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?自己总结一下:在定语从句中,whose+名词=___________________________4.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.译成汉语:____________________分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.译成汉语:___________________________分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。5.that引导定语从句时,既可以指人,也可以指物。指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at+which代替。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句:______________________________________________________________________________________分析:先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗?把这个句子改成两个简单句:____________________________________