初中定语从句知识点详解

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初中定语从句知识点详解定语从句考点:①关系代词的用法②关系副词的用法③关系副词=介词+关系代词的用法●定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。Eg:Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for-nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成。Itisthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下。Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼。●先行词:被定语从句修饰的成分。先行词可以为一个词、短语甚至整个句子。●关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于连词的作用;关系词必在从句中充当某个句子成分,可为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。一、各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及具体用法:(一)、1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.穿黑夹克的那个小男孩很聪明。2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,若前面有介词,则不可省略,也不能用that,例如:Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom/who)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口碰见的那个人吗?MrLee(whom/who)youwanttoseehascome.你想要见面的李先生到了。ThemantowhomourteacherisspeakingisfromCanada.=ThemanwhoourteacherisspeakingtoisfromCanada.我们老师正在谈话的那个男人来自加拿大。3.whose指人,也可指物(拟人化的物),意思是“谁的”,在定语从句中作定语。例如:Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.(Thegirl’smotherisill.)那个女生的母亲生病了,她今天仍然呆在家。Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.(Theboy’sfatherisaprofessor.)我认识那个男孩,他的父亲是一名教授。Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.(Thehouse’swindowsfacethesouth.)我居住在一个窗户朝南的房子里面。4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略。例如:Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是一本可以给出单词释义的书。Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.这就是昨天老师提到的那本书。5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,做宾语时可以省略。例如:I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.我读了那份刊载着重要消息的报纸。Whoistheboythat/whomIsawthismorning?我早上见到的那个男孩是谁?6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我永远不会忘记我们一起在农场工作的时候。HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.他在我离开北京的那天到的北京。7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.这就是我们去年居住的那个房子。=Thisisthehousewhichwelivedinlastyear.=Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父亲工作的那个工厂在这个城市的东边。=Thefactorywhichhisfatherworksinisintheeastofthecity.=Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.8.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语:Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelookssadtoday.我不知道他今天看起来难过的原因。Couldyoupleaseexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你可以解释下迟到的原因吗?(二)关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别?关键点:1、关系副词在从句中是做状语,只做状语,不能做其他的成分。2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。why=forwhichwhere=in/on/at/to···which(介词同先行词搭配)when=during/on/in/over···which(介词从同先行词搭配)注意:介词后面的关系代词不能省略介词后面不能用that。eg:Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisclear.他拒绝邀请的理由显而易见。=Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisclear.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.我出生的地方发生了巨大的变化。=GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichIwasborn.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.我们团聚的时刻最终到来了。=Thetimein/duringwhichwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。Eg:BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你来伦敦的时候,我们已经在那里待了两天了。IlikedtheseacitythefirsttimeIwentthere.我第一次来到那个海滨城市就爱上了它。例题一:1、Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which解题思路:此题中,从句是hearrived,它已经是一个完整的句子,因此,这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分,C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语,因此排除掉,theday指的是时间,因此,要填上表示时间的关系副词when。练习题1:1、Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why2、Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when3.Thisistheplace________Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which4.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich5.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where6.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where7.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where8.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where例题二:用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.解题思路:所谓定语从句,就是把两句话压缩成一句话,而且,这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西,因此,首先要找两句话都提到了的东西,此题中,两句话都提到了同一个东西——一个人(theboy,he)这就是共同点,人我们是用who或whom表示,两句话都是做主语,因此,只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom,因此,答案是:Theboywhowashereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.练习题2:将下列两个句子合并成一个含定于从句的句子。1.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.2.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.3.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.4.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.例题三:用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.解题思路:还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点,是thehall(it),在第二句话中init是做定点状语,因此可以用where代替,因此,答案是:Thisisthehallwherewelistenedtothereporttheotherday.=Thisisthehallinwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherday.练习题3:1、BeijingHotelisnearTian’anmenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.2、Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.3、Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.4、Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.二、只用that的情况:1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:(1)先行词是nothing,anything,everything,all,few,little,some,much,none,theone等不定代词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