中央民族大学考博英语翻译真题解析

(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.（PS:ThewaytocontactyumingkaoboTEL:silingling-liuliuba-liujiuqibaQQ:772678537)Thiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementforthe’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.46.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.中国考博辅导首选学校【句型分析】本句主句主干为itisthereason，why引导定语从句，修饰thereason。定语从句的主干是allwecandoisarticulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself。ourreactions之后toit为其定语，it指代music。定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中withwords做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的todescribe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语toit在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and之后，grasp依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”。【译文总结】这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。47.Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.【句型分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句hewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone，句首byallaccounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。第二个分句的主干为Ifindcourageanessentialquality，，而anessentialquality是宾语补足语。quality后介词短语fortheunderstandingofhiswork为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构letalonetheperformance。【翻译要点】①第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配byallaccounts，可以调整表达，翻译为“据大家所说”。主干顺译即可，其中he指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。这一部分可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后为其定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork，其中theunderstandingofhiswork意思为“对于其作品的理解”，做词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于quality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，是理解他作品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。③在定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork中的插入成分，在逻辑上letalone并列theunderstanding和theperformance，二者共用定语ofhisworks，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质。【译文总结】人们普遍认为，他(贝多芬)是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。48.Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.【句型分析】本句主干为Beethoven’shabitwasusedbycomposersbeforehim。本句的谓语为被动语态，主语habit后介词短语ofincreasing为其定语，是由介词of与and并列的两个动名词短语increasingthevolumewithanextremeintensity和thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage构成。【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语habit后有很长的后置定语：Habitofincreasingthevolume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信息，则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加…”，置于句首。第一个动名词短语中，withanextremeintensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修饰的increasingthevolume前，根据语境，volume意思为“音量”，则increasing可以翻译为“增高”。这一部分可以翻译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage，状语withasudden