安徽农业大学校选修英美国家概况第2章

GuidetoBritain英语国家概况英国概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter2Education,MediaandHolidayTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHolidaysandFestivalsEducationMediaIIIIIICONTENTForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationIIntroductionEducationalPolicyEducationalSystemForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIntroduction1)What’sthepurposeofschool?teachingchildrenwhatareoftencalled“thethreeR’s”--“reading,’riting,and’rithmetic”(reading,writingandarithmetic);providingchildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsociety.2)what’sthepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystem?Besideswhatwehavementioned,itisalsotosocializechildren.Childrenaretaughtpracticalskills,andtheyalsolearntherulesandvaluestheyneedtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,andtocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialsociety.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesIntroductionIfyouunderstandtheimportanceoftherelationshipbetweeneducationandsocialclass,youcanunderstandagreatdealaboutBritishcultureandsociety.1)InBritain,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.2)Theschool(orcollege)tieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass.Evenonformaloccasionsyouwillsometimesseemenwearingtheirschooltiesasbeltstoholduptheirtrousers---proudlydisplayingtheirattendanceatacertainschool.3)Tohaveattendedthe“right”universities–OxfordandCambridge–isstillthesinglebestwaytoguaranteeasuccessfulcareer.Whereyouareeducatedisstillveryimportanttoyourfuture.ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalPolicyCompulsoryeducationforallchildrenbetweentheagesof5and16Comprehensiveschools(综合学校，无论能力如何均可入学，在校学习多种科目)introducedinthe1960s,endedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools(文法学校),wherethemostacademicallycapablepupilsweresenttoprepareforuniversity,andvocationalschools（职业学校）,wherethelesssuccessfulonesweresenttolearnatrade.NationalCurriculumintroducedin1988,whichincludesmathematics,English,science,geography,history,technology,music,art,physicaleducation,andaforeignlanguage.Fourstages:primarysecondaryfurthereducationhighereducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesEducationalSystemElementaryandSecondaryEducationTwoparallelschoolsystems:•Statesystem(国立学校):11-yearcompulsoryeducation•Independentsystem（私立学校）—Publicschools（贵族学校）“sixthform（第六级学院）”(2years)HigherEducationFamousUniversitiesForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesElementaryandSecondaryEducationTwoparallelschoolsystem:Nationalcurriculum:Statesystem—localauthoritymaintained94%•(Freetoallchildrenbetweentheagesof5—16)Independentsystem—Publicschools6%•(Parentspayfortheirchildren'seducation)CompulsoryinstateschoolOptionalinindependentschoolForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesstatesystem—11-yearcompulsoryeducation5-11:primaryschools(co-educational/mixedschools:bothboysandgirls)11-16:secondaryschools(90%arecomprehensiveschools)GCSE(GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation普通中等教育证书，该考试是学生继续接受高级教育还是离校工作的决定条件),whichisrequiredtotakewhenchildrenfinishtheirschoolingat16.HavingcompletedtheirGCSE,studentsmaychoosetoleaveschoolandbeginworking,ortocontinuefull-timeeducationinwhatiscalledthe“sixthform”forhighereducation.StateSystemElementaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesElementaryandSecondaryEducation“sixthform”（第六级学院）(2years)A-levels(GeneralCertificateofEducation—Advanced普通教育高级证书)—foruniversitiesadmittances,thusthetwoyearsspentinthesixthformarecruciallyimportantandstressfulforstudents.GNVQs(GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications普通全国职业资格证书)—forvocationaltraining,setforthosestudentswhodecidenottogotouniversity.StateSystemForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesthemostfamous—Eton(伊顿公学),Harrow（哈罗公学）andWinchester（温彻斯特公学）6percentofallBritishchildrenAprivilegefortherichBetterfundedBetterteachersBetterfacilitiesBetterchancetoenterfamousuniversitiesIndependentSystemElementaryandSecondaryEducationForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesAtEton,princeisprobablynottheonlyboywithabodyguard.Foreignleaders’childrenbringthemalongtoo.WilliamisasneartonormalatEton.Manypeopletherearericherthanheis.Therearemanypeoplewhosefamilyrelationshipsareevenmorecomplexthanhis.PrinceWilliamEtonEtonForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPressAGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountriesHarrowHarrowSchool,commonlyknownsimplyasHarrow,isanEnglishindependentschoolforboysintheBritishpublicschooltraditionsituatedinthetownofHarrow,innorth-westLondon.Harrowhaseducatedboyssince1243butwasofficiallyfoundedbyJohnLyon.Theschoolhasanenrollmentofapproximately800boysspreadacrosstwelveboardinghouses,allofwhomboardfulltime.ForeignLanguage