40虚拟语气

虚拟语气学科网SubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER语法陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使语气Let’sgo.Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.考点1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法/倒装；2.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；3.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；4.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。b.b.虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一中假设,愿望,怀疑或推测.虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等.区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气二.‘if’虚拟条件句的概念由‘if’引导的虚拟条件句叫作‘if’虚拟条件句IcouldeasilyrecognizehimifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虚拟条件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedmyworkontime.三.ifSentenceStructure‘if’虚拟条件句的结构a.表示与现在事实相反的假设b.表示与过去事实相反的假设c.表示与将来事实相反的假设1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中组卷网(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。虚拟语气IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoneyIwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping.学.科.网a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2.与过去的事实相反从句的谓语用had＋过去分词,构成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋过去分词的形式；主句的谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/mighthave＋动词过去分词。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3.与将来事实相反从句的谓语用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋动词过去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句谓语用should(第一人称)/would(第二、三人称)/could/might＋动词原形。Ifhegotupearly,hewouldbeontime.假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim.学.科.网假如他看见我,就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.shouldcome/cameshouldsee/sawa.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksweregotup/weretogetupc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbeshouldcontrol/controlled错综时间条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例句中从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反Ifyou___________himyesterday,you_____________whattodonow.如果你昨天问他的话，你现在就知道答案了。IfI_______________,I_______________________________thevillaslastyear.如果我有钱，我去年会买那幢别墅了。hadaskedwouldknowwererichwouldhaveboughtIfthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themallwouldnotbeonfirenow.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式过去过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式未来1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)虚拟条件句省略或倒装省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如:Shouldhecome(=____________________),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。WereIyou(=______________________________),Iwouldnotdoit.我要是你，就不做这事。IfheshouldcomeIfIwereyou含蓄虚拟条件句(without/butfor/...+N.)(butfor,without,under,with,but,or,butthat,otherwiseetc).1)butfor:表示ifitwerenotfor或ifithadnotbeenfor这样的意思（即表示“若不是”“要不是”），它一定要与虚拟语气连用（woulddo与现在的事实相反/wouldhavedone表示同过去事实相反的假设)。例如：Butforhispension,hewouldstarve.要不是他有养老金，他就挨饿了。Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。2)but:表示虚拟的句子（wouldhavedone表示同过去事实相反的假设)+but+表示事实的句子（一般过去式）；表示虚拟的句子(woulddo表示同现在事实相反的假设)+but+表示事实的句子（一般过去式）Icouldnothavesucceeded,butthecametohelpme.Shewouldgainweightbutshedoesn’t.3）otherwise/or：表示事实的句子（一般过去式）+otherwise/or+表示虚拟的句子（wouldhavedone表示同过去事实相反的假设)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhewouldhavebeenhere.4)without:without+n+表示虚拟的句子（wouldhavedone表示同过去事实相反的假设);without+n+表示虚拟的句子（woulddo表示同现在或将来的事实相反的假设)Withoutthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.（=Iftherehadn’tbeenthestorm。Withoutair(Iftherewerenotair),therewouldbenolivingthings.如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了5)Undersuchcircumstances,Iwouldprobablyhavedonethesame.(Ifsuchhadbeenthecase,…)在这样的情况下，我也可能做出同样的事情来。6)Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedonebetter.若有更好的设备的话，我们会做得更好的。7)Icoulddoanythingforher.(ifIcould)Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney.(butwegiveuphalfway)二.虚拟语气在某些从句中的用法1.在动词wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。IwishIwereastallasyou.IwishIwereabird.Iwisheverydayweremybirthday.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teate