翻译理论与实践主讲蔡子亮•Wetpaint•湿的漆•油漆未干•Johnwasafoolfordanger.•约翰对危险是个傻子•没有一个中国人能懂。只有把fool从反面说过去,才能豁然开朗。•约翰是天不怕地不怕的。•这就是正说反译,反说正译法negation正说反译、反说正译法•Negation在语法与翻译两个不同的学科中含义不同。•Negation作为一种翻译技巧,指在翻译实践中,为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。•而语法中的negation则指“否定”,含完全否定,部分否定,双重否定等。正说反译、反说正译法•1、正说反译法(动词)•2、正说反译法(形容词)•3、正说反译法(名词)•4、正说反译法(虚词)•5、正说反译法(短语)正说反译法(动词)•含否定意义动词可反译fail,miss,lack,ignore,refuse,withhold,refrain,deny,overlook,exclude,neglect等•Therevolutionarieswerebeaten,refusedanythingtoread,keptforatimeinsemi-darknessaswellasinchains.•那些革命者当时受到拷打,不准阅读任何书刊..•Thewindowrefusestoopen.•窗户打不开。•Shewasrefusedadmittancebythem.•他们不许她进去。正说反译法(动词)•Pleaserefrainfromsmoking.•请不要吸烟。•Mr.Whitehasrefrainedfrommakinganyofficialcommentonthecoupinthatcountry.•怀特先生并没有对该国的政变发表正式评论•Sherefrainedfromlaughing.•她忍住了,没有发笑。正说反译法(动词)•Heshotatit,butmissed.•他朝它开了枪,但未射中。•Iarrivedtoolateandmissedthetrain.•我抵达时已太迟了,没有赶上火车。•Shewenttothestationtomeetherhusband,butmissedhiminthecrowd.•她去车站接丈夫,但在人群中没有见到他。•He’smissedschoolthreedaysthisweek.•他这星期有三天没有去上学。正说反译法(动词)•Theministerhasdeniedtheseallegations•部长不承认这些指控。•Permissiontoenterwasdenied.•不准入内。•Iwasdeniedthechanceofgoingtouniversity.•我得不到上大学的机会。正说反译法(动词)•Todayhefailedtogettoschoolontime.•他今天没有准时到校。•Ifthecropsfailtherewillbeaseriousfoodshortage.•如果谷物收成不好,将会出现严重的粮荒•Theletterfailedtoarrive.•信没有送到。•Hissecretaryfailedtotellhimaboutit.•他的秘书没有告诉他。正说反译法(动词)•Theyexcludedchildrenfromgettingin.•他们不准小孩入内。•Theevidenceisconclusive,excludingallpossibilitiesofdoubt.•证据确凿,毋庸置疑。•Peopleunder21areexcludedfromjoiningtheclub.•二十一岁以下的人不得参加这个俱乐部•Theplanfailedandforyearshelosthispoliticalpower.•计划失败了,他在政治上多年不得志。•Suchachancewasdeniedme.•我没有得到这样的机会。•Ex-GovernorStarkremainedaprivatecitizen.•前州长斯塔克从此一直没能当官。•Theiractionamountedtotreason.•他们的所作所为无异于卖国。正说反译法(动词)•Avoidoperatingthekeysroughly.•使用按键不要用力过猛•Doyouknowwhysheisalwaystryingtoavoidyou?•你知道她为什么总是不想见到你吗?•Hetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.•他试图避而不答我的问题。正说反译法(形容词)•Therearetwoaspectstoeverything,tosaythereisonlyoneistobeawareofoneaspectandtobeignorantoftheother.•任何事物都有两点,说只有一点叫只知其一不知其二。•TheCountyPartyCommitteehereisignorantofconditionsatthelowerlevels.•那里的县委不了解下情。•Heisnotonlystupid,butalsoignorant.•不仅愚蠢,而且无知。正说反译法(形容词)•Slipsarescarcelyavoidablewhenyou’renewtoyourwork.•工作没有经验,出点差错在所难免。•Ayoungclerknewtothejob•对工作还不熟悉的年轻办事员•Heisoftenabsent-minded.•他常常心不在焉。•Theteacherfoundsomestudentsabsent.•老师发现有些学生不在。正说反译法(形容词)•Shesaidangrily,themenareallbad!•她愤愤地说,男人都不是好东西!•Youareabadboy!•你是个不听话的孩子!•Thecompany’sfailurewasduetobadmanagement.•公司因经营不善破产。•Badlivinghabits•不良的生活习惯正说反译法(形容词)•Hiskeywaslost.•他的钥匙不见了。•Hewasreadinghisbook,completelylosttotheworld.•他正在看书,对周围的一切都不加注意。•Goodadviceislostonhim.•忠告对他不起作用。正说反译法(名词)•Andthisfailuretorecognizeandanalyzetheinter-relationshipoflinguisticandnon-linguisticproblemsproducestwomajorsignsofineffectiveness.•由于看不到、也不去分析语言问题与非语言问题之间的相互关系,产生了两大不足•Thisfailurewasthemakingofhim.•这次不成功是他成功的基础。•Thegovernment’sfailuretocarryouttheirelectionpledge•政府对选举时所作的保证没有付诸实行。•Tomwillbeinchargeoftheofficeduringmyabsence.•我不在的时候,办公室由汤姆负责。•WhydoeshesaynothingaboutthetotalabsencefromhislistpoemsabouttheParisCommune?•他开的单子里根本没有关于巴黎公社的诗歌,对此他为什么只字不提呢?正说反译法(名词)•Hetriestoovercomethelackoftechnicaldata.•他试图克服技术资料的不足。•Herabstractionwasnotbecauseoftheteaparty.•她那心不在焉的神情,并不是因为茶话会•Silencereignedalloverforawhile.•全场寂静无声。正说反译法(介词)•Capitalismisbeyondallcomparisonsuperiortofeudalism.•资本主义无可比拟地比封建主义优越。•Todothisisbeyondmyability.•干这事我力不胜任。•Theproblem,whichwasinthepastbeyondthecapacityofanysinglefamily,wassolvedquicklybythecollective.•个别家庭无力解决的这个问题,通过集体能迅速得到解决。正说反译法(介词)•Thereisnothinginthisshopabove$5.•这家商店卖的东西价钱都不超过5美圆。•Leifeng’snobledeedsareaboveallpraise•雷锋的高尚事迹令人赞扬不尽。•Heisabovemeannessanddeceit.•他不至于做卑鄙和欺骗人的事情。•Herbehaviourwasabovesuspicion.•她的品行不容怀疑、正说反译法(虚词)•FewofmyfriendsspeakFrench.•我的朋友中几乎没有人说法语。•Thiswasthelastplacethecolonialistswouldleave,forinitlayrichresources.•这是殖民主义者最不愿离开的地方,因为..•ThatisthelastthingIshouldexpecthimtodo.•那是我认为他最不可能做的事情。正说反译法(虚词)•Hegainedlittleadvantagefromtheplan.•他从这项计划中没有获得什么利益。•Somepeoplethinkthatmanistheleastreliablescientificinstruments.•有些人认为人是最不可靠的科学仪器。•Butfiremensucceededinconfirmingtheoutbreaktowarehousescontaininglessinflammablematerials.•消防队员成功把火势控制在存放不易燃烧物品的仓库范围内。正说反译法(副词)•Hehasbecomeunderstandablyrestless.•他变得焦躁不安,这是不难理解的。•HedivedintothewaterfullyclothedandrescuedMr.AndMrs.Glen.•他没有脱衣服就跳进水里去救格伦夫妇。•Soakingthewelfarestatelikewisesetbadlywithpartyelders.•削减福利同样使党内的元老感到不安正说反译法(短语)•某些固定短语一般要译作否定.•1.farfrom,freefrom,prevent…from,protectfrom….•2.butfor,butthat,anythingbut,cannotbut.•Otherthan,ratherthan,morethan…can,•比较级+thantodo•Insteadof,inplaceof,shortof,intheabsenceof•BecauseManhattanissosmall,thecityhastogrowupwardsinsteadofoutwards•因为…城市只能向空中而不是向外发展。•Theworldtodayisfarfrompeaceful.•今天的世界还很不安宁。•FarfromadmiringhispaintingsIdislikethemintensely.•我不但不钦佩反而十分讨厌他的画。•Hewishestolivealifefreefromcare.•他希望过无忧无虑的生活.•Butfortheworkers’help,weshouldnothavesucceededinthisexperiment.•没有工人们的帮助我们这个实验不会成功•Butthatyouaidedme,Ishouldhavefailed•如果你不帮助他,我就会失败.•