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27320073ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.27,No.3Mar.,2007:863(2003AA601020);(04DZ12030):2006202214;:2006210220:(1978),,,,,.E2mail:shoutfar@yahoo.com.cn3Correspondingauthor.E2mail:Xiaoping_lee@hotmail.comFoundationitem:TheprojectwasfinanciallysupportedbyNational863High2TechResearchProgramofChina(No.2003AA601020);ShanghaiCommitteeofScienceandTechnology,China(No.04DZ12030)Receiveddate:2006202214;Accepteddate:2006210220Biography:CHENXiao2Hua,Master,Engineer,mainlyengagedinrehabilitationofaquaticeco2system.E2mail:shoutfar@yahoo.com.cn,3(,200233):4,,,3a(20042006),3a,,,,,;,,,,:;;;;:100020933(2007)0321168209:Q149,TV861:ATheeco2functionsofecologicalprotectiontechniquesofriverbankCHENXiao2Hua,LIXiao2Ping3ShanghaiAcademyofEnvironmentalScience,Shanghai200233,ChinaActaEcologicaSinica,2007,27(3):11681176.Abstract:Theerosionofriverbankandthedisappearanceofriparianbufferingstripsareamongtheconcernsinriverecosystem.Thisstudyinvestigatedtheapplicationofthreeecologicalslopeprotectiontechniques,includingsoilbioengineering,all2seriesvegetatedprotection,andcombinedbiostabilization,atfourdemonstrationsitesofecologicalriversinShanghai.Inordertoassesstheecologicalfunctionsoftheslopeprotectionproject,theecologicalslopeprotectionprojectatthedemonstrationsiteofAirportTown,wasconductedcontinuousecologicalmonitoringfrom2004to2006afterthereconstructionwasfinished.TheresultsindicatedthatthepioneerspeciessuchasSalixsuchowensis,Salixbabylonica,ZoysiaSinica,aregrowingverywellwithstrongrootsystemandflourishedbranches,whichhelpcontrolsoilerosioneffectively.Asanindicatorofsoilanti2erodibility,thesoilstrengthandcompactionofthesubsurfacesoilwithameandeepnessof15cmaregoingupandmuchmorethantheun2coveredcontrolslopes,whichmadethesoilerosionmitigatedsharplyandthestructuralstabilityofriverbanksenhanced.Alongwiththeriverbankbeingreinforced,thehabitatsoftheriparianzoneareunderself2improvementandnativeplantshavebeeninrapidrestoration.Theecologicalstabilityofeco2riverbanksisbeingenhancedduetoahighspeciesdiversityandcomplexplantcommunitystructure.KeyWords:ecologicalrivers;ecologicalslopeprotection;ecologicalfunction;structurestability;ecologicalstability,,,[1],,,[2,3],,,,[4],,[59],,[10]4,,1Fig.1Locationmapofthedemonstrationsitesofecologicalrivers14,(1),7km2,96113:,,,,16km,20031220044,2km,2004911350m,20051112600m,22.1,:2.1.1(),,,,,,2Fig.2Basicformsofthesoilbioengineering2.1.2(soilbioengineering),(),,,[11],(Salixsp.)(Populussp.),(2),[12]2.1.3,,,[13]2.2,,,,,,,(1),,;,;,(2),07112714Table1Theenvironmentalfeaturesandeco2protectiontechniquesinthefoureco2riversdemonstrationzonesEcologicalriversLandutilizationEnvironmentalproblemRestorationgoalsEco2protectiontechniquesRiversofAirportTown1234567ZhonghengCreek8910116JinmuCreek12210456zhongjingCreek1314();911612Modernagriculturalzone;22Riverbankerosion;32Vegetationdestruction;42Ecologicalriver;52Soilbioengineering;62All2seriesvegetatedprotection;72Combinedbiostabilization;82Hi2techindustrialzone;92Incompatiblewithsurroundinglandscape;102Degradationofwaterquality;112Scenicriver;122Amixedzoneofcommercial,residential,andindustrialuses;132Residentialzone;142Channelizedriverwithconcretebank24(m2)Table2Theimplementationareaofeco2protectionprojectsatthefourdemonstrationsitesProjectsitesAll2seriesvegetatedprotectionSoilbioengineeringLivestakesLivefascinesBrushmattressCombinedbiostabilizationRiversofAirportTown28714243730031580ZhonghengCreek124001801501320JinmuCreek310102108700ZhongjingCreek650004018003,:,;,20043,,3.13.1.1,23(,1m),3.1.2(2004)1,(20052006)2,3.1.3,,,()3.1.4,15,5,Delta2TW.E.T3,Eijkelkamp(Fieldinspectionvaneborer),17113:SpectrumTechnologies,15cm3.1.5,,,,3.23.2.1,,,[69],()3,(Salixsuchowensis),(Salixbabylonica)(20043),,,,2(35)510cm;510,3040cm;1012,5cm,,20041214(10),,1m;1.5m,3m,90%,,,10()2.18kg/m2(3),310Table3BiomasschangetenmonthsafterlivematerialsgrewMetricsofplantgrowthSpeciesofcuttingsS.babylonicaS.suchowensisLengthofcuttings(cm)5231228Densityofcuttings(ind./m2)617Densityofnewbranches(ind./m2)2050Lengthofnewtaproot(cm)93.3310.4193.677.09Dryweightofnewroots(g)10.133.2913.677.06Heightofnewbranches(cm)15032.79188.3318.93Dryweightofnewbranches(g)327.84114.4782.27Totaldryweightofnewmaterialsperunitarea(kg/m2)0.252.18(ZoysiaSinica)(Pyracanthafortuneana),20043,23cm,1018cm12140.5m0.5m,,0.8kg/m2,13cm,,,,,,3.2.2,271127,,15cm(4)4(kPa)Table4shearstrengthofsubsurfacesoil(15cmdeep)ondifferenttypesofriverbanks(kPa)TimeSlopepositionTypeofslopeprotectionControlslope+Livestakes+LivefascinesBrushmattressAll2seriesvegetatedprotection20052Feb.,2005Upperofslope39.806.9049.808.4023.007.48Middleofslope30.6011.4144.006.3633.868.38Splashzone2.801.1037.608.8832.854.3020057Jul.,2005Upperofslope62.009.1255.004.5053.002.8383.0010.94Middleofslope32.003.4547.339.2981.677.64113.009.90Splashzone8.002.3425.503.5472.0037.5954.007.7720068Aug.,2006Upperofslope74.6714.0557.007.5596.6021.2287.3311.24Middleofslope39.675.5142.0013.44132.1748.58131.6716.56Splashzone14.004.5519.2510.75112.455.7334.6713.87:Notdetermined3Fig.3Correlationbetweensubsurfacesoilshearandsoil