数字口译.ppt

Unit5:CulturalExchanges5-1InterpretingNumbersInterpretingNumbers万亿(兆)Trilli千亿百亿十亿Billi亿千万百万Milli十万万千Thou百十个I.IntroductionII.Interpretingcardinalnumbers(基数词)III.Pronouncingvulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions（分数和小数）IV.Interpretingquestionsinvolvingordinalnumbers（序数词）V.Interpretingindefinitenumbers（不确定数目）VI.SuggestedmethodsfortakingdownfiguresVII.ExpressingMultiples(倍数表示法)VII.Exercises:Procedures:I.Introduction•该城市是一个国际大都市，人口约有1200万，面积达2000多平方公里。•本公司是一家年销售额为120亿美元，业务遍及120多个国家和地区，拥有5万多名员工的跨国公司。•Numbers：•1.Cardinalnumbers•2.Vulgarfractionsanddecimalfractions•3.Ordinalnumbers•4.Indefinitenumbers•5.multiplesExamples•1.请用英语和汉语分别表达下面一组数字：•1234567891234Onetrilliontwohundredandthirty-fourbillionfivehundredandsixty-sevenmillioneighthundredandninety-onethousandtwohundredandthirty-four一兆两千三百四十五亿六千七百八十九万一千二百三十四请用英语和汉语分别译出所述数字12亿9988万；542million830thousand1billion299million880thousand;542,830,000a.SomePracticalDifficultiesforChineseInterpretersForaninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisalwaysbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Notablyamongthedifficultiesarethefollowing:ABriefIntroduction1)InChinese,onetendstosay“万”and“亿”ofwhichthereisnoequivalentinEnglish.Hence“一万”mustberenderedinto“10千”(tenthousand);“三万”into“30千”(thirtythousand);“二十万”into“200千”(twohundredthousand),etc..And“一亿”mustberenderedinto“100百万”(onehundredmillion);“一亿三十万”into“100百万零300千”(onehundredmillionandthreehundredthousand);“十亿”into“1,000百万”(onethousandmillion,oronebillioninAmericanusage);and“一百亿”,“10千百万”(i.e.tenthousandmillionor10billioninAmericanEnglish),etc..Allthismaycausecomplicationforabeginnerorforthoseyounginterpreterswhohavenotundergonesufficienttraininginthisregard.2)QuiteafewunitsofmeasurementinChinese——suchasli(1/2kilometers),mu(0.0667hectare),jin(1/2kilogram),etc.——usuallyhavetobeconvertedintothemetricsystemsbytheinterpreteronformaloccasions,soastofacilitateunderstanding.Andthisextrabitofwork(concerningconversioninunitsofmeasurement)couldbequiteastrainonaninterpreterunlesshehasalreadyacquiredsomeexperienceinthecourseoftrainingandpractice.3)ThewayscomparisonisexpressedinChineseare,insomerespects,differentfromthoseinEnglish,especiallywhenthequestionsofcountableanduncountablenounsareinvolved,e.g.(1)ThoughinChinesewesay“倍”whenwetalkabout“学校为……的三倍”indescribingtheincreaseinthenumberofschools,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forinstance,“Therearethreetimesasmanymiddleschoolsnowinourprovinceastherewereintheearlypost-liberationdays.”(2)ThoughinChineseweusethesameword“倍”whenwetalkabout“粮食产量”,inEnglishweshallhavetosay,forexample,“Ourprovinceproducestwiceasmuchgrainasitdidontheeveofliberationin1949.”ToSumup•DifferencesinthewayofexpressingFiguresinChineseandEnglish:Digit,TimeandUnit1)Twosignificantpoints:i.asindicatedearlier,itisriskytryingtodoalongseriesoffigureininterpretingwithoutjottingthemdowninafeasibleway.Toensureaccuracyitisalwayshelpfulandreassuringtospeedilyjotthemdownastheyarebeinguttered(orread)bytheoriginalspeakers.bSomePracticalHintstoRememberInthecaseofC-EandE-Cinterpretation,figuresdorequireasufficientamountoftraining.Byfigureswemean,inalargersense,notonlyalongseriesoffigurescombinedwithvariousunitsofmeasurementsbutalsoalongstringofdocumentsymbolsandlongseriesofpropernames(ofpersons/places).ii.Tolayemphasisonthespeedyandaccuraterenderingoffiguresinvolving“万”and“亿”asafirststep.Topracticetherapidreadingof5-digitnumbers,8-digitnumbersand,then,10-digitnumbers,etc.inbothChineseandEnglish,andthencombinethemwithvarious“unitsofmeasurement”untilaccuracyandfluencyareachieved.2)Somepossiblesignsused:(1)Usingcomma(,)eachrepresentingonegroupof3naught,e.g.“fortythousand”,representedby“40,”means“四万”;“sixhundredthousand”,representedby“600,”means“六十万”“sevenmillion”,representedby“7,,”means“七百万”“thirtymillion”,representedby“30,,”means“三千万”(2).Aneasytablecouldbeusefulwhenyouhearthenumbers.Youjustfillintheform.万亿(兆)Trilli千亿百亿十亿Billi亿千万百万Milli十万万千Thou百十个(3).Ifanumberisbiggerthanamillion,theeasiestwayistouseapointafterthenumberofmillion.Forinstance,396万,canbeputinthisway,3.96million.Applythesamewaytothefollowingnumbers:3,956万→39.56million3亿9,650万→396.5million;Ifthenumberisbiggerthanabillion,adoptthesamewaytodoit.e.g.129亿→12.9billion(4).Notethefollowingwaysofuncertainnumbers几个some;afew;several十几个morethan/overadozen;less/nomorethantwenty几十个dozensof几十年Decades七十好几了welloverseventy二十刚出头inher/hisearlytwenties三十大几了（快四十了）inher/hislatethirties千千万万thousandsandthousandsof好几百个hundredsof成千上万thousandsuponthousandsof几十万hundredsofthousandsof数以百万计的millionsof亿万(人)hundredsofmillionsof十年adecade二十年ascore/fourscoreandsevenyearsago三十年(25-30)ageneration五十年halfacentury一百年的centennial一百年/世纪Century数字口译补充材料数字的翻译是口译中的一大难关，即使是老翻译，当遇到数字时，尤其是遇到五位数以上的数字时，也不敢有半点松懈。这不仅仅是因为数字难译，更重要的是在商贸谈判或外交活动中，数字误译所造成的后果是不堪设想的。数字口译之所以难，其中一个主要原因在于英汉对于四位数以上的数字的表达有不同的段位概念和分段方法。英语数字的表达以每三位数为一段位，而汉语以每四位数为一段位。关于数字翻译，调查显示：英译汉时难点在记忆，汉译英时，难点在于快速表达。•Itcoversatotaloffivehundredforty-ninemillionninehundredforty-sixthousandsevenhundredandsixty-eightsquaremeter