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本科毕业设计1浅谈中小企业技术创新【摘要】自20世纪50年代以来，随着科学技术的迅猛发展，以技术创新为核心的技术进步在经济增长中的作用越来越大，技术创新理论也日益成为世界各国普遍关注的热点。技术创新是一个经济学概念，是有特定涵义的新的经济发展观。它是指与新技术（新产品、新工艺）的研究开发、生产及商业化应用有关的技术经济活动，是技术进步的重要组成部分。技术创新以提高竞争力及最终获取市场回报为目的，从新产品或新工艺设想的产生，经过研究与开发、商业化生产，到市场推广应用等一系列活动的总和。技术创新的最终目标，是形成高水平的生产能力，并与市场开拓相结合，获得商业利益或良好的社会效益。中小企业是推动国民经济发展、构造市场经济主题、促进社会稳定的基础力量。中小企业占全国企业总数的99%以上,创造的最终产品和服务价值相当于国内生产总值的60%左右。中小企业提供了75%以上的城镇就业岗位。国有企业下岗失业人员、农民工相当大一部分在中小企业务工。中小企业逐步成为技术创新的生力军。中国65%的发明专利、75%以上的企业技术创新、80%以上的新产品开发,都是由中小企业完成的。面对全球性资源、环境、生态、人口等新挑战,促进中小企业提高技术创新能力更具有重要的现实意义。一、中小企业是技术创新的主体随着技术的发展和产业革命的发生,古代社会那种集发明、创新、设计、生产于一身的工匠式的创新主题,已经越来越不适应现代企业技术创新面对的日趋复杂的市场竞争与技术变化。而在残酷的竞争中,以中小企业为技术创新的主体表现出越来越突出的竞争优势。二、中小企业技术创新的特点中小企业与大企业相比,由于其自身的人力、物力、财力等资源差异以及所面临的外部环境不同,在技术创新方面形成了与大企业不同的一些特点。中小企业技术创新经营机制灵活、决策迅速技术创新是一种以市场为起点和终点的活动,它的最终目标。【关键词】中小企业技术创新创新理论经济主题本科毕业设计2DISCUSSIONONTHETECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONOFSMALLANDMEDIUM-SIZEDENTERPRISESABSTRACTSincethenineteenfiftiessince,alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Withthetechnologyinnovationisthecoreofthetechnologyprogressincreasesmediumactionineconomyismoreandmorebig,thetheoryoftechnologyinnovationisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofattentionofallcountriesintheworld.Technicalinnovationisaneconomicsconcept,hasthespecificmeaningofthenewviewofeconomicdevelopment.Itistopointtowithnewtechnology(newproduct,newtechnology)researchanddevelopment,productionandcommercialapplicationofrelevanttechnicalandeconomicactivities,istheimportantpartoftechnicalprogress.Technologicalinnovationtoenhancethecompetitivenessandultimatelygainmarketreturnsforthepurpose,fromthenewproductornewtechnologyideageneration,throughresearchanddevelopment,commercialproduction,tomarkettopromotetheapplicationofaseriesofactivities.Technicalinnovationistheultimategoal,istoformahighlevelofproductioncapacity,andcombinedwithmarketdevelopment,accesstocommercialinterestsorgoodsocialbenefits.Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesarepromotingthedevelopmentofnationaleconomy,theconstructionofmarketeconomysubject,promotesocialstabilityforce.Smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseaccountsfortheenterprisemorethan99%,tocreatethefinalproductandservicevalueequivalenttoaround60%ofgdp.Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisestoprovidemorethan75%jobsinthetown.Thestate-ownedenterpriselaid-offworkers,migrantworkersisalargeportioninthesmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseworkers.Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesgraduallybecomethemainforceofthetechnologicalinnovation.65%ofChina'sinventionpatents,morethan75%oftheenterprisetechnologyinnovation,Morethan80%ofnewproductdevelopment,isfinishedbymediumandsmallbusinesses.Inthefaceofglobalresources,environmental,ecological,demographicandothernewchallenges,topromotethesmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseimprovetheabilityoftechnologicalinnovationhasimportantrealisticsignificance.One,smallandmediumenterprisesarethemainbodyoftechnicalinnovationwiththedevelopmentoftechnologyandindustryrevolution,ancientsocietythatinvention,innovation,designset,Productioninacraftsmanstyleinnovationtheme,alreadymoreandmoreadapttotechnologicalinnovationinmodernenterprisesfaceincreasinglycomplexmarket本科毕业设计3competitionandtechnologicalchange.Inthebrutalcompetition,tosmallandmedium-sizedenterprisesasthemainbodyoftechnicalinnovationarebecomingmoreprominentcompetitiveadvantage.Intwo,smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesSMEstechnologyinnovationcharacteristicscomparedwithbigenterprises,becauseofitsmanpower,materialresources,financialresources,aswellasdifferencesintheexternalenvironmentisdifferent,inthetechnologyinnovationrespectformedwithanumberofdifferentcharacteristicsoflargeenterprises.Technologicalinnovationinsmallandmediumenterprisesoperatingmechanismflexible,makingarapidtechnologyinnovationisakindoftothemarketasthestartingpointandtheendoftheactivity,itsfinalgoal.Keywords:Smallandmedium-sizedenterprisesTechnologicalinnovationInnovationtheoryEconomicsubject本科毕业设计4目录第1章绪论1.1引言·······················································1.2技术创新的含义·············································1.3技术创新的内容·············································第2章中小企业技术创新的作用2.1技术创新是中小企业发展的必由之路·····························2.2技术创新是中小企业生存之本···································2.3技术创新是中小企业永恒主题···································第3章中小企业技术创新的途径3.1引进消化吸收在创新···········································3.2模仿创新·····················································3.3合作开发·····················································第4章中小企业要把握技术创新的方向4.1要善于发现和抓住市场机遇·····································4.2要有清晰的创新目标···········································4.3要有明确的创新策略···········································第5章中小企业的产品定位5.1定位理论简介·················································5.2产品差异化的设计·············································5.3产品定位策略·················································第6章企业应围绕核心技术进行创新···································6.2核心能力与核心产品··········································第7章围绕核心技术进行经营多元化7.1以核心技术体系为基础进行创新································7.3以核心竞争为基础的同心多元化·································第8章总结·························································