最新最实用厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记--厦门韦博英语培训提供

到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享1-18最新最实用厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记--厦门韦博英语培训提供最新最实用厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记--厦门韦博英语培训提供最新最实用厦门英语文化学习：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记--厦门韦博英语培训提供厦门韦博英语：欧洲文化入门”听课笔记1．希腊罗马HomerAuthorofepicsSapphoLyricpoet三大悲剧家：AeschylusTragicdramatistSophoclesTragicdramatistEuripidesTragicdramatist喜剧家：AristophanesComedywriter历史学家：HerodotuswroteaboutwarsbetweenGreeksandPersiansFatherofhistoryThucydideswroteaboutwarsbetweenAthensandSpartaandAthensandSyracusethegreatesthistorianthathaveeverlived到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享2-18哲学和科学：PythagorasAllthingswerenumbersfounderofscientificmathematicsHeracleitueFireistheprimaryelementDemocritusMaterialist,oneoftheearliestexponentsoftheatomictheorySocratesDissectofoneself,virtuewashighworthoflife,dialecticalmethodPlatoManhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingeneralideasAristotleDirectobservation,theoryfollowfact,ideaandmattertogethermadeconcreteindividualrealitiesEuclidatextbookofgeometryArchimedeswhenabodyisimmersedinwateritslossofweightisequaltotheweightofthewaterdisplaced“GivemeaplacetostandandI’llmovetheWorld”OthersDiogenes(theCynics)Pyrrhon(theSceptics)Epicurus(theEpicureans)Zeno(theStoics)4thcenturyB.C.后半叶希腊在Alexander,kingofMacedon的领导下，5thcenturyB.C.达到顶峰，146B.C.被罗马攻克2.基督教和圣经Jews—以前叫Hebrews，3800B.C.穿过中东沙漠，1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及，开始他们的Exodus，他在Sinai山定了tencommandmentsinthenameofGod，40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine,knownasCanaan，Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入theoldTestament,6thcenturyB.C.,他们在Babylon形成synagogue（忧太集会）来发扬他们的教义。到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享3-18JesusChrist生活在第一个罗马帝国Augustus,EmperorConstantine1于313年宣布基督教合法，EmperorTheodosius于392年宣布基督教为国教。Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入theoldTestament，旧约包含39本书，写了从1000B.C.---100A.D.的事情，最重要的前五本是Pentateuch，旧约主要由Hebrew写成，theNewTestment主要是Greek的形式，包含14本书，最古老的LatinBible叫Vulgate,在1382年被JohnWycliff翻译成了英语，GreekBible叫Septuagint3.中世纪开始于476年西罗马帝国的衰败5-11世纪aperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicheritagemerged1054,教堂分裂为theRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch反击Moslems，开始了CrusadesCharlesMartel给士兵们estatesknownasfiefsin732St.ThomasAquinas(Scholasticism)写了SummaTheologica，这本书sumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology他认为feudalhierarchy(层次，等级)ofsocietyisGod’sruleThepoweroffeudalrulersisGod’swillPopeisChrist’sPlenipotentiaryCharlemagneandAlfredtheGreatencouragedlearningbysettingupmonasteryschools.TheycopiedvariousancientbooksandtranslatedtheLatinworksintothevenacularRogerBaconandExperimentalScienceoneoftheearliestadvocatesofscientificresearch,calledforcarefulobservationDante(但丁)神曲oneofthelandmarksofworldliteratureChaucerfirstmodernpoetinEnglishliterature到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享4-184.文艺复兴与宗教改革14thand17thCenturyStartinginFlorenceandVeniceBoccacciothegreatestachievementofprosefictionin中世纪PetrarchSonnet,fatherofmodernpoetry文艺复兴早期的艺术家：GiottoforerunnerofrenaissanceBrunelleschishowedasystematicuseofperspectiveDonatellooneofthefirstartistsengagedinanatomyGiorgionemadehappyuseofcolourschemestounifyhispictures意大利文艺复兴全盛时期的四位艺术家：DaVinciMichelangeloRaphaelKnownforhisTitianOilcolorthemostprolificofthegreatVenetianpaintersofWesternWorldPre-LutherReligiousReformersJohnWycliffechiefforerunnerofthereformation,tookupthetranslationoftheBibleintoEnglishforthefirsttimein1382JanHusCzechReligiousleaderJohnCalvin基督教教义oneofthemostinfluentialtheologicalworksCalvinismRabelais拉伯雷巨人传frenchwriterRonsardPleiade七星诗社代表人法国第一个近代抒情诗人Montaigne蒙田散文集FrenchWriterCervantesfatherofmodernEuropeannovelspain到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享5-18ThomasMoreBritishwriterShakespeare作品包括哈姆雷特麦克白奥瑟罗李尔王威尼斯商人第十二夜皆大欢喜罗密欧与朱丽叶安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉亨利四世亨利五世crownedliteratureofEngland代表欧洲文艺复兴的最高成就CopernicusThefatherofmodernastronomy现代天文学之父Vesaliusmarkedthebeginningofanewerainthestudyofanatomy(解剖学)founderofmodernmedicineAldusManutiusforemostprinterinItalyMachiavelliFatherofpoliticalscienceVosari1492,Columbus发现了America1487,Dias发现了thecapeofgoodhope1497,daGama发现了theroutetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHope5.17世纪Copernicus天体运行论Althoughhedidnotbelongtothe17thcenturyhewastheforerunnerofmodernmedicineKeplerKepler’sLaw(thethreelawsofplanetarymotion)德国thethreelawsformedthebasisofallmodernplanetaryastronomyandledtoNewton’sdiscoveryofthelawsofgravitationGalileo意大利accelerationindynamics,thelawofinertia,thelawoffallingbodies动力加速度，惯性定律，落体定律Newton英国到韦博学习英语，更方便，更快捷Englishprefectyourlife!厦门韦博英语培训机构（）分享6-18LeibnizDistinguishesthreelevelsofunderstanding:self-conscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious(潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的创始人MiltonAreopagitica，EnglishrevolutionBaconKnowledgeispower英国反对deductivemethod，创立了inductivemethod认为哲学应该与神学分开Hobbes利维坦Materialist(knowledgecomefromexperience)SocialContract英国认为最好的统治方式是monarchyLocke政治论Materialistviews(ideasderivedfromsensationorfromreflection)SocialContract英国在英国革命中有两个领袖，Cromwell和JohnMiltonCromwellthemanofactionJohnMiltonthemanofthought在英国文学史上rankswithShakespearandChaucerDescartes笛卡尔CartesianDoubtIthinktherefor