数控车床自动回转刀架机电系统设计(含CAD图纸)

I摘要自动回转刀架是数控机床的重要组成部分，它有效地提高了劳动生产率，缩短了生产准备时间，消除人工误差提高加工精度和加工精度的一致性等。但是传统的普通车床换刀的速度慢、精度不高，生产效率低，不能适应现代化生产的需要。所以为了提高生产率、改善产品质量以及改善劳动条件必须对自动回转刀架进行改进。本文对数控车床自动回转刀架的机电系统的相关内容进行分析，研究数控车床刀架的组成和工作原理，对普通机床的换刀装置进行改进，使该装置具有自动松开、转位、精密定位等功能。此次主要完成自动回转刀架的机械部分和电气部分的设计。机械部分为对其组成的各个机械部件进行计算与选用，电气部分为编制刀架自动转位控制软件。设计的数控換刀装置功能更强，换刀装置通过刀具快速自动定位，可以提高数控车床的效率，缩短加工时间；同时其可靠性更稳定，结抅简单。关键词:自动回转刀架，换刀装置，机电系统，电气控制IIDesignofautomaticturretmechanicalandelectricalsystemofCNClathesAbstractTheautomaticturretisanimportantpartofCNClathe.Itimprovedlaborproductivityandshortentheproductiontime,eliminatehumanerror,theimprovementofthemachiningaccuracyandconsistencyofprecision.Thoughconventionalordinarylathetoolchangeslowly,lowaccuracy,lowproductivity.Itcannotadapttotheneedsofmodernproduction.Therefore,wemustbeimprovedtheautomaticturretinordertoincreaseproductivity,improveproductqualityandimproveworking.ThisrotarytoolholderforCNClatheelectricalandmechanicalsystemsrelatedcontentstudy,studythecompositionandworkingprincipleofCNClathesturretandimprovethetoolchangertheofgeneralmachinetools,sothatthedevicehasanautomaticrelease,transfer,precisionpositioningandotherfunctions.Thistimeweshouldcompletionofthedesignofautomaticturret’sthemechanicalpartsandelectricalparts.Mechanicalpartiscomposedofvariousmechanicalcalculationandselectionofparts,electricalpartsispreparationoftheturretautomaticallytransferofthecontrolsoftware,automaticindexingturret.DesignofmorepowerfulCNCtoolchanger,toolchangerquicklythroughtheautomaticpositioningtoolcanimprovetheefficiencyofCNClathesandshortentheprocessingtime;whileitsreliabilityismorestable,thestructureissimpler.Keywords:AutomaticturretToolchangerElectro-MechanicalSystemsElectricalcontrolIII目录1绪论.............................................................................................................................11.1自动回转刀架的设计背景....................................................................................11.2自动回转刀架的市场分析....................................................................................21.3设计自动回转刀架的意义....................................................................................22自动回转刀架总体设计...............................................................................................32.1总体方案的确定....................................................................................................32.2减速机传动机构的确定........................................................................................42.3刀体锁紧与精定位机构的确定............................................................................52.4抬起机构的确定....................................................................................................53自动回转刀架机械部分设计.......................................................................................63.1自动回转刀架的工作原理....................................................................................63.2蜗轮及蜗杆的设计及校核....................................................................................83.2.1蜗杆的选型.....................................................................................................93.2.2蜗杆副的材料...............................................................................................103.2.3按齿面接触疲劳强度进行设计...................................................................103.3蜗轮及蜗杆的主要参数与几何尺寸..................................................................123.4螺杆的主要参数与几何尺寸..............................................................................143.4.1螺杆的设计计算...........................................................................................143.5蜗杆轴的设计......................................................................................................153.5.1蜗杆轴的材料选择，确定许用应力...........................................................153.5.2按扭转强度初步估算轴的最小直径...........................................................153.5.3确定各轴段的直径和长度...........................................................................163.5.4蜗杆轴的校核...............................................................................................173.6蜗杆轴的轴承选用..............................................................................................214自动回转刀架电气部分设计.....................................................................................224.1硬件电路设计......................................................................................................224.2控制软件设计......................................................................................................25IV4.2.180C31单片机及其引脚说明........................................................................264.2.2静态存储器6264的特性............................................................................284.2.32764只读存储器的特性..............................................................................284.2.4可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255的特性....................................................295结论...........................................................................................................................336致谢........................................................