明辨性思维完整版课件section 01 what is Critical Thinking

CRITICALTHINKING财大龙欣critic的词源：kriticos--恰当的判断kriterion--标准Whatiscriticalthinking?Section1whatisyouranswer?think!howcaniget3litresofwaterwiththese2measuringcups?5L6Lprocessofproblemsolvingthink!readandunderstandthequestion;think,andfindapropersolution;confirmyoursolutionwiththequestion;butmostimportantly,justdon'tpanic!youshouldcalmdowmyourselfbeforemakinganymoveDifferentsourcesdefineitindifferentways,butbasically:ItslookingattheworldtoextracttheessentialtruthUnderstandingthecontextandconceptsbehindagiventopicorissueLookingatthebigpicture,understandinghowallthedetailsfittogethertomakethebigpictureWhatdoyouthinkcriticalthinkingmeans?levelsofthinkingLower-OrderThinkingHigher-OrderThinkingCriticalThinkingCriticalThinkingStandardsBarrierstoCriticalThinkingBenefitsofCriticalThinkingLower-OrderthinkingLower-Orderthinkingisthekindofthinkingstudentsareaskedtoperforminmiddleschool.--Studentsareexpectedtomemorizematerial.--Studentsarethoughttohavesuccessfullylearnedmaterialwhentheycanaccuratelyreciteitbacktotheirteachers.Higher-OrderthinkingIncollege,studentsareexpectedtoengageinhigher-orderthinking.Higher-orderthinkingentailsmorethansimplymemorizingfacts.Studentswhoengageinhigher-orderthinkingshouldbecomfortable:--Evaluatingtheirknowledge.--Interpretingtheirknowledge.--Questioningthecorrectnessoftheirassumptions,biases,andprejudices.criticalthinkingStudentswhoengageincriticalthinkingmustbeableto:--Identify,analyze,andevaluatearguments.--Discoverandovercomebiasesandprejudices.--Makeargumentsbasedonlogical,well-supportedevidence.--Makejudgmentsbasedonreasonandevidence,notemotionorprejudice.changeourwayofTHINKING!海绵式思维淘金式思维选择性获得信息主动与信息提供者互动阅读句子：这个句子的意思是？标注重点：这个段落的关键是？总结观点：找到并理解作者意思提出问题：为什么提出这个观点？质疑推理：推导过程合乎逻辑吗？评估材料：这些论据可信度高吗？记住作者观点及推理，但不能评价发现最有意义的论点和观念CriticalThinkingStandards13ClarityThoughtandlanguagePrecisionThoughtandlanguageAccuracyFactsanddescriptionsCriticalThinkingStandardsRelevanceConsistencyLogicalCorrectnessCompletenessFairnessBarrierstoCriticalThinkingBiasandprejudiceEgocentrism(self-centeredthinking)Sociocentrism(group-centeredthinking)BarrierstoCriticalThinkingConformism(tendencytofollowthegroup;todosomethingbecauseeveryoneelseisdoingit)Unwarrantedassumption(totakesomebeliefforgrantedwithoutgoodreasons)OverwhelmingemotionsBenefitsofCriticalThinkingWhenwelearnhowtothinkcritically,welearnhowtolearn.Thisimproves:--Oureducation.--Ourcareers.--Ourlives.IntimeofinformationexplosionTVnewsBlogaticleseditorialslecturesPublicspeechdibatesbooks……OnlinechatroomsBuildone’sviewpointactivlyAcceptother’spassivlyWhatiscriticalthinking?“博学之，审问之，慎思之，明辨之，笃行之”--《中庸》HereAreSomeTipsHowtoDevelopCriticalThinkingSkills1Valueobjectivereality2Keepanopenmind3Distinguishbetweenobservationandinference,betweenestablishedfactsandassumptions4Maintainasenseofhumor5Cultivateintellectualcuriosity6Challengeconventionalwisdom智者受理智的指导，常人受经验的指导；而野兽受直觉的指导。--西塞罗