搜索
1、（1）ab，因为a为双键，b为单键。（2）ab，因为b键中的碳原子为sp杂化。成键时会比a键中的碳原子为sp2杂化短。（3）ab，因为a键中的氯原子同苯环共轭使键长缩短。2、Lewis酸Lewis碱BH3(CH3)2SAlCl3(CH3)3NBF3HCHO第一章4、H─O键的极性较H─C键的极性大，有利于质子的分离；O的电负性较大，较易容纳遗留下来的负电荷。5、H2CCHCHCHCHH2CCHHCCHCHCH3CHCHCHCH3HCH2CCH3CNH2H2NNH2CNH2H2NNH2CNH2H2NNH2第二章1、（1）2,6,6-三甲基-3-乙基辛烷（2）顺-1,2-二溴环己烷（3）1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚烷（4）5-甲基螺[3.4]辛烷2、325143、CCH3H3CCH3CH3H3CH2CCH2H2CCH3CHH3CH3CC2H5CCH3H3CCH3CH34、（1）（2）5、（4）（2）（3）（1）HCH3HCH3HCH3H(H3C)2HC1、（1）有（2）无（3）有2、（1）③①②④（2）①②③④3、（1）对映体SR（2）同一化合物SS（3）同一化合物2S3R4、（1）S(2)S第三章答案5、第四章1CH3CH2CC(CH3)2CH3CH3CHCCCH3HH(Z)-3-甲基-4-乙基-3-辛烯1,5-二甲基环戊烯OHCH3OCH3COOHOO2BrCH3CH2CHCH3OSO3HCH3CH2CHCH3OH2.12.22.32.42.5(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH2C(CH3)=CHCH32,6-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯CH3CH=CHCH2CH2C(CH3)C=C(CH3)22,3-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯①B2H6/②H2O2,OH-H2/PtH2O/H+HBrHBr/ROORBr2,H2O2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯2-甲基-2-戊烯反-3-己烯顺-3-己烯1-己烯3456(2)高温第五章1、4-乙烯基-4-庚烯-2-炔（E）-1,3-己二烯2、CH2=CHCH2CH3CH3COCH2CH3AgC≡CCH2CH33、4、CH3CH=CH2HBrROORCH3CH2CH2BrPd/CaCO3H2CH3CCH+NaNH2CH3CCHCH3CCNa液氨CH3CH2CH2CCCH3CH3(CH2)4CH3H2Ni(1)(2)5、CH2=CH2HBrCH3CH2BrPd/CaCO3H2CHCH+NaNH2CH3CCHCHCNa液氨CH3CH2CCHCH3CCH2CH3H2NiH2OH2SO4,HgSO4OCH3CHCH2CH3OH第六章1、3100cm-1附近为不饱和CH伸缩振动吸收峰；3000-2900cm-1为饱和CH伸缩振动吸收峰；1650cm-1附近为C=C双键伸缩振动吸收峰；1450cm-1附近为CH2面外弯曲振动吸收峰。950cm-1附近为不饱和CH面外弯曲振动吸收峰。2、可利用1HNMR中质子的偶合常数来区分。J顺HJ反H。3、Ha：受邻近2个Cl的影响，其向低场位移的比较多，δ=5.75ppm，且积分面积为1H，另外，该峰受到Hb的偶合，裂分为三重峰；Hb：受邻近1个Cl的影响，其向稍向低场位移，δ=3.95ppm，且积分面积为2H，另外，该峰受到Hb的偶合，裂分为双峰；第七章1.（1）(2)(3)(4)OHIOHCOOHClCH2ClNH2(5)4-苯基-1,3-戊二烯(6)4-甲基-2-硝基苯胺(7)5-氯-2-萘磺酸2.(1)CH3CH2CH2Clor(CH3)2CHCl,COOH(2)Cl2/光，CH23.（1）间二甲苯＞对二甲苯＞甲苯＞苯（2）对二甲苯＞甲苯＞对甲苯甲酸＞对苯二甲酸4.具有芳香性的是:(2)(7);无芳香性的是:(1)(3)(4)(5)(6)5.CH3CH3浓HNO3浓H2SO4NO2CH3NO2Br2FeBr(1)COOHNO2BrKMnO4H+(2)CH3CH3浓HNO3浓H2SO4BrBr2FeKMnO4H+COOHBrCOOHBrNO2浓HNO3浓H2SO4KMnO4H+CH3CH3COOHCOOHCOOHCOOHO2N(2)(3)6.Br2CCl4褪色溶解（1）浓H2SO4Br2CCl4褪色（3）2-戊烯环戊烷褪色1,1-二甲基环丙烷KMnO4褪色(2)7.(1)(2)(3)CH2CH2CH3CH3CH3H3CCH3或CH(CH3)2C2H5第八章1.（1）（R）-3-甲基-2-氯丁烷（2）3-溴戊烷（3）4-甲基-3-溴苯磺酸（4）3-对溴苯基-1-丙烯（5）（6）2.(1)(CH3)3CBr＞CH3CH2CHBrCH3＞CH3CH2CH2CH2Br(2)(3)CH3CH2CH2Br＞(CH3)2CHCH2Br＞(CH3)3CCH2Br(4)CH3CH2CH2CH2Br＞CH3CH2CHBrCH3＞(CH3)3CBrCH2BrCH2CH2BrCHBrCH3B.C2H5BrHCH3CCCH3BrH2CH3C3.CH3CHCH3BrNaOHC2H5OHCH3CH=CH2HBrROORCH3CH2CH2Br(1)NaOHC2H5OHBr2(4)ClNBSBrNaOHH2OOHOHBrBr(2)4.（1）CH3CH=CHClCH2=CHCH2ClCH3CH2CH2ClAgNO3乙醇,室温AgNO3乙醇,(白色)(白色)（2）AgNO3乙醇,室温AgNO3乙醇,(白色)(白色)CH2ClClCl5.CH3CHCH3BrB:CH3CH=CH2A:CH3CH2CH2BrC:CH3CHCH3BrKOHC2H5OHCH3CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2BrKMnO4H+CH3COOH+CO2HBr第九章醇、酚和醚1.2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇；对甲氧基苄醇或对甲氧基苯甲醇1-硝基-2-萘酚；1,2-二乙氧基乙烷或乙二醇二乙醚2.C2H5OHH2SO4HIOC2H5HI（1）（2）正丙醇1,2-丙二醇环己烷甲丙醚HIO4AgNO3Na浓H2SO4不溶，分层溶解，澄清溶液XXXXX3.(2)CH2OHHICH2CH2OHOCH3OHCH3FeCl3X显色浓HCl,ZnCl2室温立刻浑浊XXXXNa4.干醚干醚5.CH3H2SO4NaOH融熔CH3ONa1.H+2.BF3CH3COOHCH3OHCOCH31.NaOH2.CH3ICH3OCH3COCH3+CH3ICH3-ONO2AgIAgNO3OHOCH3浓HICH3I+ABC7.6.ABCDA浓第十章醛和酮1.对乙酰基苯甲醛；环己酮肟；1-戊烯-3-酮或乙基乙烯基甲酮(1)丙酮苯乙酮饱和NaHSO3水溶液(白色)x（2）1-苯基乙醇2-苯基乙醇I2NaOH(黄色)x2.3.(3)(1)(2)稀冷KMnO4OH-5.4.②①③④6.A:B:第十一章1N,N-二乙基丙酰胺对乙酰基苯甲酸甲酯CHCHCOOHCH2CCOOCH3CH32丙酸丁醇丁醛乙醚3甲酸草酸X褪色丙二酸XX丁二草酸XXX托伦试剂KMnO4加热COOHCOOHCH2OHOHNaHCO3溶液CO2CO2XFeCl3溶液显色4CClOCO2CH2CH3CH2COC2H5CH2COC2H5OOCH3NH2CH3CH2COHCCH3COC2H5OOCO2C2H55COOHO2NCOOHO2NCOOHCOOHH3CO(2)草酸丙二酸甲酸乙酸苯酚(1)6CH3CH2OHCH2(COOH)2CH2Cl+CH2ClCH2CH(COOC2H5)2CH2(COOC2H5)2C2H5ONa稀OH-H2O-CO2CH2CH2COOHKMnO4Cl2/PNaCNCH3CH2OHH2SO4(1)(2)CH3COCH2COOC2H5CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2Cl2ClCH2CH3ClCH3COCH2COOC2H5NaOC2H5ClCH2CH3ClCH3COCHCH2CH2CHCOCH3COOC2H5COOC2H55%NaOHH3O+CH3C(CH2)4CCH3OO稀OH-CCH3CH3OCH3CH2OHKMnO4NaOC2H5H+C2H5OHCH3CH2COOC2H5CH3CH2CCHCOOC2H5OCH3CH3CH2CCCOOC2H5OCH3C2H5CH3CH2CCHCH2CH3OCH3A.BCD7第十二章13-氨基-1-丙醇N,N-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯胺NHOO(CH3)2NCH2CH3OH-CH2CH2CH3+2NH2NH2NO2NH2O2NNH2O2NCH3CH2NH2CH3CNH2OCNH2O3NCH3H3CCH2=CHCH2C=CH2CH3(1)(2)NHNO2O2N4CH3发烟H2SO4CH3SO3HCl2/FeCH3SO3HClH2OCH3Cl(1)(2)CH3CH3NO2Fe/HClCH3NH2CH3H2SO4HNO3NHCCH3O(CH3CO)2OFe/HClCH3NHCCH3OClH2OCH3NH2Cl1.NaNO2/HCl2.H3PO2CH3ClOH-NH22CH3IN(CH3)2NH2CH3COClNHCCH3ONH2HO3SH3O+N2ClHO3SN(CH3)2产物H2SO4NaNO2HClPH=5NH2CH3CH3CH3H3CH3CN(CH3)2CH(CH3)2A.B.5谢谢同学们