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I.WordsUsage:1.terrifyvt.frightensb.使受惊吓eg.Thatsortofthingterrifiespeople.terrifiedadj.吓坏了的terrifyingadj.可怕的terrorn.恐怖;恐怖活动terroristadj.&n恐怖主义的；恐怖主义者terrorismn.恐怖主义2.bymistake:错误地Itookyourcellphoneinsteadofminebymistake.相关短语:①makeamistake/makemistakes犯Anyonewillmakemistakesnomatterhowcarefulheisinhislife.mistakevt.mistakesb./sth.forsb./sth:把…错当成Ithinkyoumustbemistakingmeforsomeoneelse.3.curevt.治愈,治好;消除他说他能治好我的病,但我还是不相信他。HesayshecancuremebutIstilldoubthim.curesth.curesb.ofsth治愈某人的疾病；消除某人的忧虑Evenwhiskycouldnotcurehimofhisanxieties.记住类似curesb.ofsth.的其他短语：robsb.ofsth.;informsb.ofsth.;remindsb.ofsth.cheatsb.ofsth;convincesb.ofsth.4.resistvt.&vi.抵抗;对抗eg.他再也抵抗不住了。Hecouldresistnolonger.这个城市反抗敌人达两个星期之久。Thecityresistedtheenemyfortwoweeks.必记的句型：resistdoingsth.抵制做……can’tresistdoingsth.无法抗拒做……;忍不住做……resistthetemptation抵制诱惑resistantadj.有抵抗力的，抵制的beresistanttosth.对……有抵抗力5.accompanyvt.陪伴,陪同eg.Mayweaccompanyyouonyourwalk?我们陪你一起散步好吗?伴随…同时发生Thunderoftenaccompanieslightning.雷声常伴着闪电。伴奏accompanysb.at/onthe+乐器Heaccompaniedmeat/ontheguitar.他用吉他给我伴奏。同根词：companyn.1.公司2.（不可数）同伴companionn.(可数）同伴6.absorbvt.吸收Dryearthabsorbswaterquickly.干土吸水很快TheyabsorbedagreatdealoftheRomanculture.他们大量地吸收了罗马文化。吸引…的注意力,使全神贯注Internationalaffairsabsorbhisattention.他专心研究国际问题。beabsorbedin…专心至志于……Helayinbed,absorbedinanovel._______7.arisevi.&linkv.(arose,arisen,arising)呈现;出现;发生夜里来了一场大风暴。eg.Duringthenightagreatstormhasarisen.事故常常起因于粗心。Accidentoftenarisesfromcarelessness.他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。Heformedapictureofhisfuturethatarosebrightandcolourfulinhismind.vi.起身,起来,起立Hearingthedoorbell,hearoseandwenttoanswerit.II.Phrases:8.burnout燃尽、熄灭；烧毁；筋疲力尽eg.Thefirehadburntoutbeforethefirefightersarrived.Stopworkingsohard---you’llburnyourselfout.相关短语：burnaway烧毁；（逐渐）消灭burnup烧光，烧掉burndown烧尽、烧毁burn…totheground把……烧成平地9.againandagaintimeandtimeagainonceagain再三地，反复地，屡次over(andover)againtimeaftertime3.fallagainst…敲打着……Therainfellagainstthewindow.4.leavealone不管；不理会；Shewantstothinkthingsoutquietly,sowehadbetterleaveheralone.注意：letalone更不用说eg.Wecan'taffordabicycle,letaloneacar.我们连自行车也买不起,更不用说汽车了。I'msosicktodaythatIcouldn'twalkasfarasthekitchen,letalonegotothezoowithyou.我今天病得连厨房那么远都走不动,更不用说陪你逛动物园了。5.onthecontrary正相反、相反地Youthinkyouareclever.Onthecontrary,Iassurethatyouareveryfoolish.你自以为很聪明,相反地,我确信你很傻。6.asgoodas几乎,实际上Withoutherglasses,shewasasgoodasblind.不戴眼镜,她简直和瞎子一样。Thedecoratingisasgoodasfinished.装修几乎完工。其它短语：asfarasweknow据我所知aswellas也，还；aslongas只要；asfarassb./sthisconcerned就……而言7.getoutofcontrol摆脱控制；失去控制Thesituationhasgotoutofcontrol.其它短语：beyondcontrol无法控制losecontrolof失去对……的控制takein/beincontrol控制……undercontrol在控制之下8.bring…backtolife使……复活Itwasthisdoctorwhobroughttheunconsciouspatientbacktolife.9.breakdown1).损坏,发生故障Ourcarbrokedownandwehadtodrawittoagarage.我们的车坏了,不得不把它拖到修车厂去。2).拆散;分类Thefirefightersbrokedownthewallinordertogainquickaccesstothebuildingonfire.为了很快地进入着火的房子,消防队员拆了那面墙。3).身体、精神垮掉Hishealthhasbrokendowncompletely.他的身体已完全垮了。4).失败,受挫PeacetalkshavebrokendownintheMiddleEast.中东和平谈判失败了。5).粉碎,压倒Thepolicetriedtobreakdowntheprisoner'sopposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗相关短语：breakup分解、拆散、驱散；破裂breakin闯入；breakinto…强行闯入某地breakoff中断；折断breakthrough突破10.asfollows：列举如下Hewroteasfollows.他所写如下。Thereactionprocessisasfollows.该反应过程如下。11.viceversa:反之亦然；反过来也一样eg.Whatwouldbedonetoprotecthumansfromdinosaursandviceversa.Amanofhighbirthmaybeoflowwealthandviceversa.III.Sentencepatterns:1.Whilestudyingatuniversity,hediscoversthesecretofhowtogivelifetolifelessmatter.(heis)状语从句的省略:有两个方面：(一)从句中的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语动词包含动词be时e.g.①在等火车的时候，我与Jim谈了很长时间。Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJim.②当他还是个十岁的孩子时，就不得不夜以继日地工作了。Whenstillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.(二)从句中主语是it时，it及后面的be也常常省略。e.g.在你方便的时候来看我。Comeandseemewhen(itis)convenientforyou.Unless__________________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvitedIf_______,Iwillcomeandhelpyou.A.IampossibleB.itwaspossibleC.possibleD.possibly2.ItwasonacoldNovembernightthatIsawmycreationforthefirsttime.（1）复习强调句型结构：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who……e.g.他没来是因为他病了。他究竟是什么时候学会法语的？Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tcome.WhenwasitthathepickeduphisFrench?注意：1）在强调状语部分时，主句剩余部分前的连词不可以是when,where,how,why等，只能是that:例如：Itisintheclassroomthatweholdourclassmeeting.Itwasat12:00o’clockthathisfathercameback.Itwasinthiswaythatheworkedouttheproblem.不可用where不可用when不可用how2).当被强调部分是疑问词时，用句型：疑问词is/wasitthat+原句剩余部分（用陈述语序）+？Whatdoyouwanttosay?Whatisitthatyouwanttosay?Whendidyougettoknowher?Whenwasitthatyougettoknowher?3).注意强调词it与有实在意义的代词it的区别：Itis10yearssincehisfatherpassedaway.Itwas10yearsagothathisfatherpassedaway.Itwasthroughthewindowthatthethiefcamein.Itisthewindowthroughwhichthethiefcamein.4).注意在含强调句型中同时用其他从句的陷阱：---Grandpa,wheredidyougettoknowmygrandma?---Itwasinthispark______________wearesittingchattingnow.thatorwhere?观察：---ItwasinthispartwherewearesittingchattingnowthatIgottoknowyourgrandma.3.IwishIwasontheothersideoftheworld.IwishIhadnotcreatedthiscreature.wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气：were现在：过去：未来：过去时（did/were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.shoulde.g.①但愿我像你一样努力。②我们过去对英语学习多重视一些就好了。③我希望他能再试一次。Iwis