中考英语语法定语从句练习

中考英语语法定语从句练习定语从句一：先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词二：关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物：whichthat先行词是人：whothat在从句中的作用：主语、宾语、表语e.g.Theyhadaradio./Itcouldsendoutmessages.Theyhadaradiowhich/thatcouldsendoutmessage.(主语)Thegirlismybestfriend./Shespokejustnow.Thegirlwho/thatspokejustnowismybestfriend.（主语）Healwaysbuyssomebooks./Heneverreadthem.Healwaysbuyssomebooks(which/that)heneverread.(宾语)注意点：1.）定语从句一般直接跟在先行词的后面：e.g.Themanwholivesnextdoorsellsvegetables.Themansellsvegetableswholivesnextdoor.(×)Thecarwhichmyunclejustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.Thecarwasdestroyedintheearthquakewhichmyunclejustbought.(×)2．）关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略：e.g.Theyoungman(who)yousawwasourmanager.Thereissomething(that)wemustkeepinmind.3.)关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which或whome.g.Themanisafamousrunner./Youtalkedtohimjustnow.Themantowhomyoutalkjustnowisafamousrunner.Thechairismadeofwood./Heissittingonitnow.Thechaironwhichheissittingnowismadeofwood.Heisalibraryassistant./Iborrowedsomebooksfromhim.HeisalibraryassistantfromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.Itisafamousschool./Hegraduatedfromit3yearsago.Itisafamousschoolfromwhichhegraduated3yearsago.Theserviceshouldbeimproved./Thestudentscomplainalotaboutit.Theserviceaboutwhichthestudentscomplainalotshouldbeimproved.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：e.g.Heisthestudent./Theteachersarelookingforhim.Heisthestudentwhotheteachersarelookingfor.Thenumberofthechildrenis30./Shetakescareofthechildren.Thenumberofthechildrenwhoshetakescareofis30.三：whose的用法：的”时，它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即“e.g.Thegirlismydaughter./Herworkgotthefirstprize.Thegirlwhoseworkgotthefirstprizeismydaughter.Doyouknowanyone?/HisfamilyisinXi’an.Thebookisnotmine./Thecoverofitisred.Iliveintheroom./Thewindowsofitfacesouth.Thechairhasbeenrepaired./Thelegofitwasbroken.四：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。e.g.ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,whoisonly19yearsold.Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenter.注意点：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.e.g.SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情.e.g.Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.介词＋which:Thepicture______hepaid$100wasonceownedbyaking.Canyouthinkofasituation________thiswordcanbeused?I’mgratefultohimforthatadvice,______Iowedallmysuccess.关系副词：whenwherewhy当先行词是表示时间的名词，用when，在定语从句中充当时间状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.Iwillneverforgettheday./Iwenttouniversityonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIwenttouniversity.Hestillrememberthemorning./Theearthquakehappenedonthatmorning.Hestillrememberthemorningwhen/onwhichtheearthquakehappened.当先行词是表示地点的名词，用where，在定语从句中充当地点状语，这时一般可以用介词＋which来代替:e.g.Thisisthehouse./Heusedtoliveinthehouse.Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace./Wecanswiminthatplace.Iknowofaplacewhere/inwhichwecanswim.Isthereanyshoparound?/Icanbuyapenintheshop.Isthereanyshoparoundwhere/inwhichIcanbuyapen.先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，用why，在定语从句中充当原因状语，这时一般可以用for＋which来代替:e.g.Idon’tknowthereason./Hediditforthisreason.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidit.Thereasonwasnotclear./Hewasfiredforit.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.注意点：当表示时间、地点和原因的名词在从句中不是作状语，而是在从句中作主语或宾语时，还是应用which/thate.g.Thisisthedate_______we’reproudof.Thisisthedate_______hewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetime______wespenttogether.Thisisthefactory_______mymotherworks.Thisisthefactory_______wevisitedlastweek.Isthisfactoryyouvisitlastweek?A.theoneB.whereC.whichD.thatThisfactoryistheone(that/which)youvisitlastweek.Idon’tbelievethereason_____hegaveforhisdecision.Anotherreason_______hemadethisdecisionisthathehadtoconsiderthefeelingsofothers.关系词的选择Ａ．只用thata.当先行词是不定代词，如all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,none,theone等Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.b.先行词（指物的）前面有only,few,oneof,little,no,all,every,very等词修饰时There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome.I’vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere.c.先行词被序数词first,last,next等或形容词的最高级修饰时ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese.SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatI’veeverknown.d.当先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.e.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时Chinaisn’tthecountrythatsheusedtobe50yearsago.Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.It’sabookthatwillhelpyouagreatdeal.f．当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop?Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday?g.当主句以Therebe…结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语，先行项为物Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.The9.15isthefastesttrainthattherehaseverbeen.h.当先行词是what时Whatdidyouhearthatmadeyousoangry?i.当先行词是基数词时YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.B.只用whicha.在非限制性定语从句，充当主语或定语Theyhavethreehouses,whicharebuiltofstone.b.当关系代词前有介词时Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.W