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RobotsUnit2WarmingupArobotisbasicallyacomputer-controlledmachinethatisprogrammedtomove,manipulate(操纵)objects,andaccomplishworkforushumanbeings.Itisabletoperformrepetitivetasksmorequickly,cheaply,andaccuratelythanhumans.Whatisarobot?SoundsReasonable?Arobotisamachinedesignedtodojobsthatareusuallyperformedbyhumans.Robotsareprogrammedandcontrolledbyacomputer.Haveyoueverplayedwithrobottoys?Doyouwanttoplaywiththerealrobots?somerealrobotsGuesswhattheserobotsaredoing.PlayingfootballRiding/CyclingPlayingmusicDancingLet’slookatthepicturesbelowandseewhatrobotscanlooklike.SpiderWhatcanrobotslooklike?DinosaurDragonflySnakeMantis(螳螂)螳螂HumansHugearmWhatcanrobotsdoinourdailylife?DiscussionRobotsPlaywithhumandoresearchTalkwithhumanDothehousework(cleaning,cooking……..)Andsoon…Takecareofchildrenactasapoliceman/asellerDosomeshoppingWhatcanarobotdo?SayhellotopeopleTalkwithpeopleCleantheplaneDothelabourworkLeadthewayPlaysportsNowadaysrobotscanbemadeintovariousshapesforvarioususes.WhyuseRobots?Therearemanybenefitstousingrobotsinsteadofhumans.Thegoodthingaboutrobotsisthattheywillnevergetbored,andtheywilldothingsmoreefficientlythanpeople.Also,robotsnevergetsick,orneedtorest.Theywillneverneedtimeoff,orlunchbreaks.Sometimes,whenataskistoodangerousordifficultforahuman,arobotwillbeabletodoitwithoutanyrisksorproblems.Whywestudyrobots?SearchenginesLaborScienceMedicine/DiagnosisAppliancesWhatelse?诊断1.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTarobot?A.Bicycle.B.Trafficlight.C.Microwave.D.Photocopier.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredbotharobotandanon-robot?A.AlarmClock.B.MotorBike.C.Microwave.D.VCR.RobotQuiz3.Whywouldacompanychoosetouserobotsinsteadofhumans?A.Theynevergetsick.B.Theydon'tneedalunchbreak.C.They'llneverbebored.D.Alloftheabove.4.Robotscandoworkthatistoo_____forhumans.A.funB.scaryC.dangerousD.predictableLet’slookatsomemoviepostersbelowwhichareaboutrobots.Doyouknowthenamesofthesemovies?Transformers《变形金刚》I,Robot《我，机器人》TheMatrix《黑客帝国》AI-ArtificialIntelligence《人工智能》Doraemon《机器猫》Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobotto:thinkforitself?havefeelings?haveitsownneedsanddesires?lookandfeellikeahumanbeing?Speaking&WritingImagineyouareengineersinacompanythatmakesrobotsandyouhavebeenaskedtodesignanewtypeofrobot.Yourrobotcanbeused:(1)Inthehome(2)Inaworkplace(3)Inthestreet(4)Inthenaturalenvironment(5)InspaceoranywhereelseYouaredividedintogroupsoffourtodesignyourrobot.Youcanfollowthestepsasbelow:1.Decidethepurposeoftherobot.2.Makealistoftheabilitiestherobothas.3.Drawapictureonapieceofpaperandnameitspartsandexplainwhateachpartdoes.4.Writeaparagraphdescribingtherobotandwhatitcando.5.Introduceyourdesigntoyourclassmates.Tipsondesigningyourrobots:Considerthesixmajorrobotcharacteristics:1、Looks:Whatdoestherobotlooklike?Isthereareasonforittolookasitdoes?2、Sensing:Howdoestherobot“know”orfigureoutwhat’sinitsenvironment?3.Movement:Howdoestherobotmove?4.Operation(操作):Howdoestherobotmoveoroperateotherobjects?5.Energy:Howistherobotpowered?Canithavemorethanoneenergysource?6.Intelligence(智慧):Howdoestherobot“think”?Asamplewriting:TherubbishcollectorTherubbishcollectorisarobotabouthalfthesizeofasmallcar.Itsbodyissquareandcontainsalargerubbishbininsideit.Ithasacameraattachedtothetopfrontofitsbody.Alsoatthefrontisapairofarms.Underneathithasfourwheelsandsixlegs.Withthecameraitcan“see”rubbishsuchaspaper,glass,andplastic.Ifthesurfaceofthegroundissmooth,itrunsonitswheels,andifthegroundisrough,itunfoldsitslegsandwalks.Whenitseesapieceofrubbish,itstopsandusesitsarmstopickitupandputitinitsrubbishbin.However,whenitseesaperson,ananimaloraplant,itgoesarounditasitisabletorecognizewhensomethingisnotapieceofrubbish.Thecompanyshouldmakethisrobotasitwouldbeverypopularwithschools.Itwouldcleantheoutsidegroundsoftheschoolandsogivethestudentsmoretimetospendontheirstudies.Itwouldalsobeagreatadvantagetohaveatsportsgroundsoranyotherareawhererubbishisdroppedbythepublic.Doyouknowwhoheis?What’stherelationshipbetweenIsaacAsimovandrobots?IsaacAsimovIsaacAsimovisanAmericanscientistandauthor,whowrotesciencefiction,proposedthree(andthenheaddedLawZero)LawsofRobotics(inthe1940's):LawZero:Arobotmaynotinjurehumanity,or,throughinaction,allowhumanitytocometoharm.LawOne:Arobotmaynotinjureahumanbeingorthroughinactionallowahumanbeingtocometoharm.LawTwo:Arobotmustobeytheordersgivenitbyhumanbeings,exceptwheresuchorderswouldconflictwiththeFirstLaw.LawThree:Arobotmustprotectitsownexistence,aslongassuchprotectiondoesnotconflictwiththeFirstorSecondLaws.ShortStoryCollections:I,RobotTheRestoftheRobotsTheCompleteRobotRobotDreamsRobotVisionsNovels:TheCavesofSteelTheNakedSunTheRobotsofDawnRobotsandEmpireAutobiography:It'sBeenaGoodLifeIsaacAsimov’sMainWorksHomework1.Lookupthenewwordsandexpressionsofthereadinginthedictionary.2.Previewthereading:SATISFACTIONGUARANTEED