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被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.谓语speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。一般现在时被动语态的构成：肯定：主语+is/am/are+过去分词+其它+（by+主动语态句子的主语）…否定：主语+is/am/are+not+过去分词+其它+（by+主动语态句子的主语）…(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。三、主动语态变被动语态的方法WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.宾语ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass（byus）.主语(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.谓语ArecorderisoftenusedinourEnglishclass（byus）.一般现在时的被动语态(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格,如主语是人称代词，一般省略。Theymakethebikesinthefactory.Thebikesaremade（bythem）inthefactory.4.在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：(1)Thebossmakesthemworktenhoursaday.(2)Tomletshislittlesisterwaterflowerseveryday.→Theyaremadetoworktenhoursaday.HislittlesisterislettowaterflowerseverydaybyTom.5.含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。常用双宾语的动词：show/give/offer/send/bring/lend/teach/buy例如：Theteachergivesthepupilssomeadvice.→Thepupilsaregivensomeadvicebytheteacher.直接宾语间接宾语→Someadviceisgiventothepupilsbytheteachert.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。把下列句子变为含被动语态的句子：1.Mr.Licorrectsthestudents'homeworkeverymorning.Thestudents'homeworkiscorrectedbyMr.Lieverymorning.2.Peopleplaybasketballallovertheworld.Basketballisplayedbypeopleallovertheworld.主语主语谓语宾语谓语宾语3.Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmates.Heisoftenseentohelphisclassmates.4.Thetreescoverthewholemountain.5.Theteacherstakecareofthechildren.Thewholemountainiscoveredbythetrees.Thechildrenaretakencareofbytheteachers.四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：1.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.2.Yououghttotakeitaway.3.Theyshoulddoitatonce.Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Itoughttobetakenaway.Itshouldbedoneatonce.4.Thewindblewofftheman'shat.5.Jackwillfillthecupwithlemonjuice.把下列句子变为被动语态：Theman'shatwasblownoffbythewind.ThecupwillbefilledwithlemonjuicebyJack.3.Tomhascleanedthedesks.ThedeskshavebeencleanedbyTom.Ⅱ.选择填空:1.Thereadingroom_____yesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept2.Theworkersweremade____tenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked4.Hisfather___toworkinHongKong3yearsago.A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent5.Theclassroom_______now.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleanedD.iscleanedDBCBC.________hiswork________yet?A.Have…beenfinishedB.Has…beenfinishedC.Has…finishedD.Have…finished8.Thechildwill___backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending6.Greatchanges_____inthetownsince1988.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace79.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse___andalotofthings____.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenABCD二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：am／is／are＋taughtwas／were＋taughtwill／shall+be＋taughtam／is／are+being＋taughthave／hasbeen＋taughthave／hasbeen＋taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。