了解企业架构-本质和框架.

[TermProjectReport]UnderstandingofEnterpriseArchitecture-EssencesandFrameworkInBong(I.BJeonMBA2007April28,2007BADM590:ITGovernance,InformationTrust,andRiskManagementProfessorMikeShawTABLEOFCONTENTSAbstract31.DefinitionofEnterpriseArchitecture42.EssencesofEnterpriseArchitecture63.FrameworkofEnterpriseArchitecture83.1.BusinessArchitecture3.2.ITArchitecture3.3.ArchitectureGovernance3.4.ImplementationofArchitecture4.CriticalSuccessFactors16ConclusionandFindings17Appendix18Reference20ABSTRACTAsthesizesandscopesofbusinessentitiesareexpanding,theITgovernancebecomesmuchmorecomplicatedandimportantthanbefore.BecausecontrollingITgovernancebecamethemostcriticalpartofbusinessactivitiesespeciallyforcompanieswhoseorganizationsaredecentralizedorhavemanysub-divisions,EnterpriseArchitectureisemerginginmanybusinessentities.Themorebusinessfunctionsare,themoredifficulttheITgovernanceworks.Becauseeachbusinessunithasitsownagendaoftheunit’sbusinessgoalswithownITinfrastructure,eachbusinessunitmightbeoutoflinefromthewholebusinessstrategy.Organizationalsub-units’efficiencymightnotresultinthebestefficiencyoftheaggregatewholebusinessentity.Itisnecessarytohighertheefficiencyofeachsub-unitandthatofthewholebusinessentityatthesametime.EnterpriseArchitectureisnotapartofITgovernancebutitisacriticalsystemtohelpITgovernanceworkefficientlyintermsofEffectiveness,TransparencyandAccountability.IwouldliketodefineEnterpriseArchitectureasthestructureofmanagementandcontrolforITgovernanceasawhole.TounderstandtheconceptofEnterpriseArchitecturethroughthispaper,IamgoingtodescribeessentialfeaturesofEA(EnterpriseArchitectureandtheframeworkofitingeneral.1.DefinitionofEnterpriseArchitectureEnterpriseArchitecture(EAisthepracticeofapplyingacomprehensiveandrigorousmethodfordescribingacurrentand/orfuturestructureandbehaviorforanorganization'sprocesses,informationsystems,personnelandorganizationalsub-units,sothattheyalignwiththeorganization'scoregoalsandstrategicdirection.Althoughoftenassociatedstrictlywithinformationtechnology,itrelatesmorebroadlytothepracticeofbusinessoptimizationinthatitaddressesbusinessarchitecture,performancemanagement,organizationalstructureandprocessarchitectureaswell.EnterpriseArchitectureisbecomingacommonpracticewithintheU.S.FederalGovernmenttoinformtheCapitalPlanningandInvestmentControl(CPICprocess.TheFederalEnterpriseArchitecture(FEAreferencemodelsserveasaframeworktoguideFederalAgenciesinthedevelopmentoftheirarchitectures.TheprimarypurposeofcreatinganEnterpriseArchitectureistoensurethatbusinessstrategyandITinvestmentsarealigned.Assuch,enterprisearchitectureallowstraceabilityfromthebusinessstrategydowntotheunderlyingtechnology.BecauseEnterpriseArchitectureiscloselyrelatedwithITGovernance,IwouldlikepointoutsomebasicthingsaboutITgovernancefirstbeforewegetintomoreaboutEnterpriseArchitecture.InformationTechnologyGovernance,ITGovernanceorICTGovernance,isasubsetdisciplineofCorporateGovernancefocusedoninformationtechnologysystemsandtheirperformanceandriskmanagement.TherisinginterestinITgovernanceispartlyduetocomplianceinitiatives(e.g.Sarbanes-Oxley(USAandBaselII(Europe,aswellastheacknowledgementthatITprojectscaneasilygetoutofcontrolandprofoundlyaffecttheperformanceofanorganization.AcharacteristicthemeofITgovernancediscussionsisthattheITcapabilitycannolongerbeablackbox.ThetraditionalhandlingofITmanagementbyboard-levelexecutivesisthatduetolimitedtechnicalexperienceandITcomplexity,keydecisionsaredeferredtoITprofessionals.ITgovernanceimpliesasysteminwhichallstakeholders,includingtheboard,internalcustomersandrelatedareassuchasfinance,havethenecessaryinputintothedecisionmakingprocess.Thispreventsasinglestakeholder,typicallyIT,beingblamedforpoordecisions.Italsopreventsusersfromlatercomplainingthatthesystemdoesnotbehaveorperformasexpected:2.EssencesofEnterpriseArchitectureToday’scorporateinformationsystemisbeingfullofcomplexity.Eveninaformofsystem,therearecentralizedsystemsanddistributedsystemaltogether.Buildinginfrastructuresandpurchasinghardwareandsoftwarearedonebydifferentsubjects.Sometimespartieswhichleadbuildingsystemshaveinitiativeswhilesometimesuserpartiestakeinitiatives.However,standardsforusingITsystemareusuallymadeincasebycaseinfact.Asaresultofthistrend,thereareinchaosofplatforms,networksanddatabaseinmanycompanies.Ithaseventuallymadethosecompaniesinefficientinitssystemandeveninbusinessitself.PercentageofITinvestmentinbusinessentitieshasincreased.EffectiveandefficientITinvestmentshavebeencriticaltomanagementunderthisseverelycompetitivebusinesscondition.Ontheotherhand,technologicalinnovationkeepevolving,butitisnoteasytocatchupwiththefastevolutionofITwithexistinginformationsystems.Ifitfailstodoso,therewillbealotofproblemsinITmanagement.Tosolvethiskindofproblems,EA(EnterpriseArchitecturehasbeenemerginginbusinesscircumstances.Fromtheendof1990’s,thenumberofcompaniestointroduceEAhasbeenincreasing.AlthoughtherearemanywaystointerpretEA,IamgoingtodefinethetermofEAintermsof“theframeworkofsupportingmanagementdecisionsaboutITinvestmentandstructuretomeetth